Unit 5: Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Protein Synthesis Final

By Sydney Mendel

​DNA vs RNA

DNA contains the information to code ​for proteins.

​

​DNA is found in the nucleus and cannot leave. However, proteins are made at the ribosome. DNA's code mut be copied so that the information can leave the nucleus. RNA is the complementary copy of DNA's code.

Multiple Choice

In RNA, Adenine (A) pairs with...

• T

• U

• C

• G

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?

• Double stranded

• Contains the base Thymine

• Can leave the nucleus

• Contains the sugar deoxyribose

Types of RNA

3 Types:​

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes

• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes

• Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

  where proteins are synthesized​

Types of RNA​

​

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What would be the complementary RNA sequence for the following DNA sequence?

ATTCGT

• UAAGCA

• TAAGCA

• GCCTAC

• UGCUAC

Pathway to Making a Protein​

​DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Step 1: Transcription

DNA -> RNA

• The process of copyingthe sequence of one strand of DNA, the

  template strand

• mRNA copies the template strand​​

• This process occurs in the nucleus ​

• mRNA is complementary to DNA (not an exact copy)​

Step 2: Translation

RNA -> Protein

• Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA into a protein

• Ribosomes read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time and construct the proteins​

• tRNA brings the correct amino acid as coded for in the mRNA​

• ​Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the process in which DNA is transcribed into RNA?

• Photosynthesis

• Protein Synthesis

• Translation

• Transcription

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is coded for by the RNA sequence below?

AGG

• Gly

• Leu

• Arg

• Val

Multiple Choice

Which process is shown?

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Photosynthesis

The number of nucleotides changes.

​

Insertion: Adding a nucleotide

Deletion: Removing a nucleotide​

​

​

​Frameshift

The number of nucleotides stays the same, but a nucleotide changes.

Substituion

Mutations - Changes in nucleotides sequences

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

What type of mutation has occured to the DNA sequence below?

Original DNA: AAC - GTA

Mutated DNA: AAG - TA

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Non - sense

Multiple Choice

Select the DNA sequence below that demonstrates a subsitution mutation.

Original DNA: AAT - GCC

• Mutated DNA:

  AAT - GGC - C

• Mutated DNA:

  AAG- CC

• Mutated DNA:

  ATT - GCC

• AAT - TGC - C

Multiple Select

A frameshift mutation is which of the following?

• Point mutation

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Subtitution

Multiple Choice

Which mutation would be more harmful for an organism?

• Point mutation (substitution)

• Frameshift (insertion/Deletion)

Multiple Choice

Why would a frameshift be more harmful?

• It changes all the code downstream

• Only one nucleotide is changing

• All mutations are harmful

• It can't correct iself

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a type of mutation?

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Prescription

• Deletion

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift

Multiple Choice

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

• Insertion- Frameshift

• Deletion- Substitution

• Deletion -Frameshift

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Muations 1, 2, 3

Multiple Choice

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?

• because DNA can't leave

• because ribosomes are in the nucleus

• because DNA polymerase is found there

• because helicase unzips the DNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a codon?

• ATG

• AUG

• AUT

Multiple Choice

Why must transcription occur where DNA can be found?

• because DNA can't leave

• because ribosomes are in the nucleus

• because DNA polymerase is found there

• because helicase unzips the DNA

Multiple Choice

How many codons equals 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

On which molecule can an anticodon be found?

• mRNA

• DNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Multiple Choice

Where is the anticodon located?

• at the top of the molecule it's found on

• at the bottom of the molecule it's found on

• on the right of the molecule it's found on

• on the left of the molecule it's found on

Multiple Choice

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

• AUGCAAUGA

• ATGCAATGA

• AUGGATUGA

• TACGTTACT

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose for anti-codons?

• to ensure the correct amino acid is dropped off

• to match the strand of DNA

• to decode a sequence of 4 nucleotides into an amino acid

• to make me hate biology

Multiple Choice

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

• amino acids; peptide

• fatty acids; ionic

• proteins; hydrogen

• fatty acids; covalent

Multiple Select

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA

• DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses sugar ribose

• DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

• DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

• DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

Multiple Choice

Which two thing are found on a molecule of tRNA?

• amino acids; anticodons

• amino acids; codons

• ribose sugar; proteins

• deoxyribose sugar; codons

Multiple Choice

How do you know when to begin translating a strand of mRNA?

• look for AUG

• start at the beginning

• look for ATG

• when Ms. H tells me to

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleotide

Multiple Choice

How do you know when to STOP translating a strand of mRNA?

• look for STOP on the decoder

• stop at the end of the strand

• you don't

• when Ms. H tells me to

Multiple Choice

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

• AUGCAAUGA

• ATGCAATGA

• AUGGATUGA

• TACGTTACT

Multiple Choice

When these bond together, they form a protein

• Amino Acids

• Peptide Bonds

• Ribose

• Nucleotides

Multiple Choice

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

• Met-Glu-Stop

• Met-His-Stop

• Thr-Glu-Stop

• Thr-Pro-Stop

Multiple Choice

What process is going on in this photo? 

• Transcription 
• Translation 
• Replication 
• All the above 

Multiple Choice

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

• base
• codon
• amine
• serine

Multiple Choice

Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?

• YES!
• NO!

Multiple Choice

A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with

• deoxyribose sugar and uracil

• ribose sugar and cytosine

• deoxyribose sugar and thymine

• ribose sugar and adenine

Multiple Choice

The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______

• translation
• transcription
• replication

Multiple Choice

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.)

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• polysaccharides

Multiple Choice

The important enzyme related with transcription is;

• gyrase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• ligase

Multiple Choice

The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____

• transcription
• rRNA
• replication
• translation

Multiple Choice

Which two processes are involved in protein synthesis?

• Replication and Transcription
• Replication and Translation
• Transcription and Translation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following molecules is made during transcription?

• DNA
• tRNA
• protein
• mRNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?

• Adenine
• Guanine
• Thymine
• Uracil

Multiple Choice

Which form of RNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome?

• amino RNA
• ribosomal RNA
• transfer RNA
• messenger RNA

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is DNA usually found in?

• cell membrane
• vacuole
• ribosome
• nucleus