Winter Lesson #1

Meteorology

Open Ended

How are you? Any questions?

Meteorology is the study of (1)what may be thought of as a vast, automatic air-conditioning system.

「広大で、自動の空気調節システムとも見なされるもの」

下線部(1)が持つ3つの働き(機能)を日本語で説明しなさい。

・出てくるのは２段落第１文。air-conditioning system（下線部１にもある！）が持つ the two chief functions「2つの主な機能」という語句を読めば設問１のターゲットがここだと断定できる。さらに、続けて In addition to these,とあるのでこれが３つ目の機能だとすぐにわかる。

・注意すべきは最初の２つthe regulation of air temperature and humidityをどう切り分けるか、言い換えれば接続詞andが並列している要素をどう切り分けるかという点。気温の調節・調整と湿度なのか、A気温と湿度の調節・調整なのか、を考える。

・３つ目はa third function直後のコロン以下をまとめる。１つ目２つ目が「気温の調節」「湿度の調節」と簡潔にまとまっているので３つ目もできればそのまま和訳したりせずにうまく名詞でキメたい。その際、at intervalとい挿入された副詞句が気になるが、「時々の・時折の降雨や降雪」というようにニュアンスを入れてやるといい。

気温の調節　　　
湿度の調節　　　
時々の・時折の降雨や降雪

Our spinning planet is heated strongly at the equator, feebly at the poles, and its moisture is concentrated in the great ocean basins.

It is the task of the atmosphere to redistribute this heat and mositure so that large areas of the land surface will be habitable.

Air-conditioning by the atmosphere is far from perfect; it fails miserably in desert regions, on mountain summits, in far nothern and southern latitudes.

下線部の意味は「大気による空気調節はとても完壁とはいえない」

大気による空気の（＝気温や湿度の）調整は（×それは　×大気のエアコンは）、砂漠、山頂、極地、あるいは、温帯であっても真夏や真冬では、うまく働かないこと。

it（大気というエアコン） fails miserably in desert regions, on mountain summits, in far northern and southern *latitudes. On hot and humid nights in midsummer or on bitter January mornings we may question its efficiency even in what once were called the “temperate zones” of the world. （Butから始まるここ以降は正解の対象外）

The two chief functions of any air-conditioning system are the regulation of air temperature and humidity.

In addition to these, we expect the atmosphere to perform a third function: it must provide us at intervals with rain or snow.

The weather and climate of a given locality describe how effectively these functions are performed.

Open Ended

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather refers to the temperature, humidity, pressure, cloudiness, and rainfall there at a certain time; climate is a summary of weather conditions over a period of years.

天気weatherとは、ある地域のある時点における気温、湿度、気圧（×圧力）、降雨のことであり、

天候climateとは、数年・長年 にわたる・及ぶ天気weatherの状況・概要である。

refer to～　～のことに言及する　～のことを述べる。

参考する

My brother loves space, so I refer to him as the astronaut.

I refer to my mother as my "boss."

I refer to ____ as ____

Open Ended

I refer to ____ as ____

Important in a description of climate is the variablitiy of temperature and rainfall with teh seasons.

気候を説明する（△記述する）際に重要なのは、　／　気候の説明において重要なのは、季節とともに気温や降雨量が変動すること・変わることである。　／　季節による気温や降雨量の変化である。

名詞variabilityは 形容詞variable や 動詞vary

variable＝changeable「変わりやすい」　vary＝change　

Paragraph 3 Summary

On to Paragraph 4...

　

How hot the atmosphere becomes over any particular region depends on a number of factors.

　

下線部(5)の5つの異なる要因を本文に出てくる順序で日本語で述べなさい。

　

太陽高度
標高差による空気成分の違い
雲量による日照量の違い
大量の水・海や大きな湖などからの遠近・距離　

海流

Group Activity

Lumina:
Lumina is a mystical fifth season that occurs between winter and spring, lasting only a short time but bringing an ethereal glow to the world. During Lumina, the skies shimmer with soft pastel colors, as if dawn and dusk stretch across the entire day. The air is cool but charged with a gentle warmth, and the environment seems enchanted. Plants emit a faint bioluminescent glow, and rivers sparkle like liquid starlight.

• Glowflora: Trees and flowers bloom with radiant, glowing petals, lighting up the night.

• Celestial Rain: Showers of sparkling mist occasionally fall, leaving behind a faint luminescence on everything it touches.

• Dream Fauna: Unique, mythical creatures like glowing moths, crystal-winged birds, and shimmering deer appear, only to vanish when the season ends.

Cultural Significance:

• People celebrate The Festival of Luminescence, a time of gratitude and renewal. They wear glowing attire and release floating lanterns to mimic the season’s beauty.

• Lumina is considered a season of creativity and inspiration, where art, music, and storytelling flourish.