Central Dogma: DNA-RNA-Protein

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What is the main discovery of the Griffith experiments?

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• A segment of RNA that codes for a DNA strand, which in turn codes for a trait.

• A segment of DNA that codes for a RNA, which in turn codes for a trait.

• A segment of RNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait.

• A segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait.

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What are the three primary components of DNA?

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What are the four DNA nitrogen containing bases?

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What are the complementary base pairings and how many hydrogen bonds are linking the pairings?

Labeling

Label each key component of the DNA replication process.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Complementary Strand

A-T pairing

DNA Polymerase

Complementary strand

Area where the Helicase is located

G-C pairing

Multiple Choice

What is Central Dogma?

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein

• The flow of genetic material from RNA to DNA to Protein

• The flow of genetic information from Protein to RNA to DNA

• The flow of genetic information from DNA to Protein to RNA

Match

Match the following terms to their definition.

• Translation

• Transcription

• Uracil

• Ribonucleic Acid

• Central Dogma

Occurs when the mRNA turns to Proteins

Makes RNA complementary strand from DNA

A RNA nitrogen containing base

2nd types of nucliec acid

the process of DNA-RNA-Proteins

• Occurs when the mRNA turns to Proteins

• Makes RNA complementary strand from DNA

• A RNA nitrogen containing base

• 2nd types of nucliec acid

• the process of DNA-RNA-Proteins

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What are the three types of RNA used in this process?

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What is transcription ?

Reorder

Complete the order of Transcription

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter section of DNA

• DNA unwinds and separates

• RNA polymerase adds nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand

• Process ends once RNA polymerase reaches the termination signal on the DNA

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4

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Match

Match the following terms and definitions

• RNA polymerase

• Promoter

• DNA Template

• Termination signal

Enzyme used to start making RNA from DNA

sequence that initiates transcription

strand of DNA that is copied

sequence that signals the end of transcription

• Enzyme used to start making RNA from DNA

• sequence that initiates transcription

• strand of DNA that is copied

• sequence that signals the end of transcription

Fill in the Blanks

How many different types of monomer are there?

Multiple Choice

How many codon codes and amino acids are there in translation?

• 20 codes 64 amino acids

• 64 codes and 20 amino acids

• 30 codes and 20 amino acids

• 20 codes and 20 amino acids

Match

Match the following

• Start codon(s)

• End codon(s)

• Codon usage

AUG

UAA, UAG, UGA

Varies by organism

• AUG

• UAA, UAG, UGA

• Varies by organism

Reorder

Order the following steps of translation

• Step ?-During translation, amino acids are assembled from information encoded in mRNA.

• Step ?- mRNA codons move through the ribosome, tRNA adds specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.

• Step ?- The process continues until a stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released.

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Multiple Choice

Why is Central Dogma important for organisms and in particular humans?

• The Central Dogma is important because it explains how genetic information is translated into functional proteins, which are vital for all biological processes in organisms, including humans.
• It outlines the evolutionary history of species.
• It explains the process of photosynthesis in plants.
• It describes how proteins can replicate themselves without DNA.