Unit 7 Review AP Bio

Multiple Choice

_______ believed that organisms develop traits needed for survival and that traits that were unused would become weaker and gradually disappear. 

• Darwin
• Lamarck
• Mendel
• Watson

Multiple Choice

Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

• have the ability to interbreed.

• acquired traits through use and disuse.

• all eat the same type of food.

• descended from a common ancestor.

Multiple Choice

Being the "fittest" in evolutionary terms always means the biggest, strongest, fastest

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

When organisms are better adapted to their environment they will survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less adapted. This process is called what?

• Selective breeding

• Natural Selection

• Cloning

• Evolution of all species

Multiple Choice

A physical or behavioral trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment is called a what?

• An adaptation

• A response to a stimulus

• A mutation

• Evolution

Multiple Choice

What type of structures are these?

• homologous
• vestigial 
• analogous
• fossil

Multiple Choice

A category of structures that have a similar function, but are structurally different.

• Homologous structures

• Analogous structures

• Vestigial structures

• Common core structures

Multiple Choice

Species not closely related evolve similar traits due to their similar environment

• Convergent evolution

• divergent evolution

• parallel evolution

Multiple Choice

An anatomical feature that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial structure

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

A fossil of an extinct dinosaur is found and the anatomy of the fossil shows similarities to that of a bird. What could this mean?

• This is purely by chance and isn't significant
• The extinct dinosaur and modern bird share a common ancestor
• All dinosaurs evolved into birds and that's why there aren't any dinosaurs alive today
• Dinosaurs choose to fly, and evolved into birds to escape predation and capture food

Multiple Choice

Which species is most likely to share a common ancestor with Species A?

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

By looking at the genes of some animals we can determine which living species are most closely related to each other. This also reveals which species most recently diverged from their common ancestor.

Based on the partial gene segments shown, which pair of animals are genetically most closely related and therefore most recently diverged from their common ancestor?

• Chimpanzee and Mouse

• Rat and Mouse

• Rat and Chimpanzee

Multiple Choice

What does allele frequency refer to in a gene pool?

• The number of genes in the pool

• The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene

• The total number of alleles for all genes in the pool

• The percentage of genes that are homozygous for a given allele

Multiple Choice

What is a population in genetic equilibrium?

• A) A population where allele frequencies change and the population evolves.

• B) A population where allele frequencies in the population remain the same and the population does not evolve.

• C) A population that has an excess of mutations leading to rapid evolution.

• D) A population that is isolated from other populations and evolves differently.

Multiple Choice

Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?

• p2
• 2pq
• q2
• p2 + 2pq

Multiple Choice

Which Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the genotype frequencies in a population?

• p + q = 1

• p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

• p2 + pq2 + q2 = 1

• p + 2pq + q3 = 1

Multiple Choice

In the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, q² is the frequency of what?

• The recessive allele 
• the dominant allele
• the recessive genotype
• the dominant genotype

Multiple Choice

The allele frequency of p=.20 What is the percentage of Heterozygous Dominant genotype?

• .80

• .04

• .32

• .64

Multiple Choice

A population of 150 individuals has an allele frequency of 0.3 for the dominant allele (B) and a frequency of 0.7 for the recessive allele (b). Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine the frequency of the genotype (bb).

• 0.09
• 0.42
• 0.49
• 0.21

Multiple Choice

A population's recessive allele frequency 25%. What is the percentage of the Homozygous Dominant genotype?

• .5625

• .3750

• .0625

• .25

• .5

Multiple Choice

_{What type of selection?}

• Directional 
• Stabilizing
• Disruptive

Multiple Choice

If finches with large beaks and finches with small beaks increase in a population while finches with average sized beaks decreases, which pattern of natural selection has occurred?

• Directional selection
• Disruptive selection 
• Stabilizing selection

Multiple Choice

Human babies don't do well if they are born too small. If they are too big complications can occur during birth. Baby size should then be selected for by which method?

• stabilizing
• directional
• disruptive
• Beyonce is having twins

Multiple Choice

What occurs when allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population?

• Natural selection

• Genetic drift

• The bottleneck effect

• The founder effect

Multiple Choice

What is the bottleneck effect in the context of genetic change in populations?

• An increase in genetic diversity due to mutation

• A change in allele frequency following a dramatic increase in the size of a population

• A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

• The introduction of new alleles into a population through migration

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of Divergent Evolution?

• The process where groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species.

• The process where species that are not closely related independently evolve functionally or visually similar structures.

• The process by which development of species is marked by isolated episodes of rapid adaptation to environments between long periods of little or no change.

• The process of development of  evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species as they interact with one another.

Multiple Choice

The rapid evolution of a group following its introduction into a new habitat or occupation of newly available niches is called ________________?

• adaptive radiation

• microevolution

• coevolution

• convergent evolution

• divergent evolution

Multiple Choice

The evolution of a new species from an existing species is ____.

• natural selection
• isolation
• speciation
• genetic variation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is required for a population to diverge into two separate species?

• The two populations must have evolved different physical appearances.

• The two populations must have mutated at least 10 times.

• The two populations must have become reproductively isolated.

• The two populations must have evolved analogous structures.

Multiple Choice

A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation

• Sympatric

• Allopatric

• Extreme

• Convergent

Multiple Choice

A speciation in which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the SAME geographic region.

• Sympatric speciation

• Allopatric speciation

• Complex speciation

• Divergent speciation

Multiple Choice

The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as

• speciation
• punctuated equilibrium
• gradualism
• microevolution

Multiple Choice

Which best describes punctuated equilibrium?

• Speciation occurs due to natural selection

• Speciation occurs due to isolation

• Speciation occurs slowly in geologic time, followed by long periods with very fast evolutionary change.

• Speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly in geologic time, followed by long periods with little evolutionary change.

Multiple Choice

The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved is known as ________________________.

• a common ancestor.
• an embryonic stage.
• development.
• evolution.

Multiple Choice

Two unrelated species evolve in a way that makes them more similar.

• adaptive radiation

• microevolution

• coevolution

• convergent evolution

• divergent evolution

Multiple Choice

According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

• Bacteria & Archaea

• Archaea & Eukarya

• Eukarya & Bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is the human most closely related to?

• Fish

• mouse

• Salamander

• Human

Multiple Choice

According to this tree, which of these animal phyla are most closely related?

• Arthropoda & Mollusca

• Arthropoda & Chordata

• Chordata & Mollusca

Multiple Choice

The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?

• Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.

• Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.

• The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory. 

• No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.