Unit 1 Lesson 1

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Follow Grammar Rules

Complete Sentences have a subject and predicate

a verb that tells about the subject; it includes the main verb & everything after

A bumblebee landed on a flower.

​Predicate

The noun the sentence is about



A bumblebee landed on a flower.

​Subject

Multiple Choice

The cow jumped over the moon.
What is the subject of this sentence?

• cow
• moon
• jumped
• over

Multiple Choice

The princess walked into the factory and slipped.
What is the predicate of the sentence?

• walked into the factory
• the princess
• walked into the factory and slipped
• and slipped

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Gill and Mrs. Price played chess during recess.

What is the subject of the sentence?

• Mrs. Gill

• Mrs. Gill and Mrs. Price

• Chess

• during recces

Multiple Choice

Ms. Bott worked hard in her classroom.

What is the predicate of the sentence?

• in her classroom

• worked hard

• worked hard in her classroom

• Ms. Bott

Fragment or Incomplete Sentence

​It is missing the subject or predicate

Landed on the flower.
This is missing the subject. Who or what landed on the flower??

A bumblebee.
This is missing the predicate. What is the bumblebee doing??

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence or a fragment?

Supplies for school at my desk.

• Fragment

• Sentence

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence or a fragment?

I am using my old backpack.

• Fragment

• Sentence

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence or a fragment?

Mrs. Cheeves is a new teacher.

• Fragment

• Sentence

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence or a fragment?

Gave me a blue writing folder.

• Fragment

• Sentence

Run-on sentences

​It keeps going, and going, and going, and going...

Run-on sentences are two or more sentences that are not correctly joined together.

A bumblebee landed on the flower it flew away when the rain started.

There are 3 different ways to correct run-on sentences.

​1) Place a period

You can add a period between the run-on sentence turning it into 2 sentences.
A bumblebee landed on the flower. It flew away when the rain started.

We now have two complete sentences.

Be sure to capitalize the first letter after the period

​2) Place a semi-colon

You can add a semi-colon to the run-on sentence

A bumblebee landed on the flower; it flew away when the rain started.

the letter after the semi-colon does not need to be capitalized unless it is a proper noun

​3) Place a comma & conjunction

You can add a comma followed by a conjunction to the run-on sentence
A bumblebee landed on the flower, but it flew away when the rain started.

the comma comes BEFORE the conjunction, and the conjunction has to make sense with the ideas it is connecting

Coordinating Conjunctions

​FANBOYS

For But
And Or
Nor Yet
So

Adjective Order

N-O-S-A-S-C-O-M-P

​Adjectives go in order

When you need or want to use one or more adjectives in a sentence to describe something, you need to be sure to place your adjectives in the correct order

Adjective Order

​Use this order when using several adjectives

Number Color
Opinion Origin
Size Material
Age Purpose
Shape

​Number- how many?

examples:
few dozen
several many
two five
seventy two thousand

​Opinion- what is thought about the noun?

Examples:
stunning hideous
beautiful sturdy
ugly flimsy
well-behaved important
lovely friendly

​Size- how large or small?

Examples:
tiny
huge
big
minuscule
enormous

​Age- how old or young?

Examples:
modern
antique
new
ancient

​Shape- what shape is it?

Examples:
oval
rectangular
round
square
oblong

​Color- what color is it?

Examples:
magenta
purple
forest green
mac and cheese yellow
turquoise

​Origin- where did it come from?

Example:
Scottish
Spanish
Dutch
Australian
Asian

​Material- what is it made out of?

Examples:
steel
iron
flannel
silk
cotton

​Purpose- what is it used for?

Examples:
water bottle
fishing rod
hiking boots

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the following adjetives

• Opinion

  Age

  Size

  Colour

  shape

  Origin

  Material

  Purpose

• Opinion

  Size

  Age

  Shape

  Colour

  Origin

  Material

  Purpose

• Opinion

  Size

  Age

  Shape

  Colour

  Origin

  Material

  Purpose

Multiple Choice

Which words are adjectives in the sentence?

I used some new thin paper to make a paper boat.

• some and new
• new and thin
• paper and make
• thin and boat

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct order of adjectives.

I love the _______ teddy bear in the middle!

• orange little cute

• cute little orange

• cute orange little

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct order of the adjectives

A ______________ car

• Japanese, red, beautiful

• red, beautiful, Japanese

• beautiful, red, Japanese

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct order of adjectives.

Last week, I visited _____ village in a remote place.

• a little lovely old

• a lovely little old

• an old lovely little

• an old little lovely

Relative Pronouns and Adverbs

Relative Pronouns

​who, whose, whom, which, that

Relative pronouns are used to help give more information about a person or a thing.
If the information provided is non-essential, it is framed with commas.
-Non-essential information is not necessary to understand the sentence.
If the information is essential to help readers identify which item is being described, no commas are used.

Who

​Person, subject pronoun

My roommate, who gets up early, typically makes breakfast for me.

This gives more information about the roommate.

Whose

​Person, possessive

The family whose house was flooded found shelter in a nearby church.

This gives more information about the family

Whom

​Person, object pronoun

The police officer whom I worked with last year was just promoted.

This gives more information about the police officer

Which

​Animal/thing; preferred for non-essential info

The Renaissance Fair, which lasted for six weeks, concluded with a feast.

Gives more information about the Renaissance Fair that isn't necessarily needed (hence commas)

That

​Animal/thing; preferred for essential info

The sculpture that Jaun carved is very large.

Identifies the sculpture (hence no commas)

Multiple Choice

The student _____________ dropped the papers must clean it up.

• who

• whom

• whose

• that

• which

Multiple Choice

This is the painting _____________ I made in art class.

• who

• whom

• whose

• that

• which

Multiple Choice

The birthday party, _____________ is on Saturday, will be outside.

• who

• whom

• whose

• that

• which

Multiple Choice

The teacher _____________ class was polite received a good report from the substitute.

• who

• whom

• whose

• that

• which

Relative Adverbs

​where, when, why

Relative adverbs help give more information about a place, time, or reason.

As with relative pronouns, commas are used with relative adverbs to offset nonessential information.

Where

​Place

Let's each lunch on this bench, where it is shady.

This gives more information about the spot.

When

​Time

Summer is the season when I go hiking in the Rocky Mountains.

This gives more information about what the writer does during that time.

Why

​Reason

I don't know the reason why Sophia canceled the party.

This gives more information about why the writer is unsure.

Multiple Choice

Do you know the reason _________ she is so upset?

• where

• when

• why

Multiple Choice

That is the house __________ we used to live.

• where

• when

• why

Multiple Choice

July is a month ________________ many people take vacations.

• when

• where

• why

Frequently Confused Words

to, too, two

to- indicates location

To and go are both about direction, and they both have just one o

​Memory Trick

Bernie drove to the grocery store.

​Example

too- "more than enough" or "also"

Too has more o's than it needs; it has too many

​Memory Trick

There is too much trash in the can, so it is spilling over into the street.

Maddie would like to go to the movies with us, too.

​Example(s)

two- indicates the number 2

Two is a number. You can make a "w" with your fingers. Fingers are used for counting.

​Memory Trick

Malik scored two goals in the soccer game.

Example

Multiple Choice

Chris gave a bracelet________his mom.

• to
• too
• two

Multiple Choice

Mom drank___________cups of coffee at breakfast.

• to
• too
• two

Multiple Choice

Gracie had________much homework last night.

• to
• too
• two

there, their, they're

there- indicates a place or starts a sentence

There is the opposite of here.
t-here

​Memory Trick

Please put the book down over there.

There is a party going on next door.

​Example(s)

their- shows possession

A king's heir will own the kingdom one day. Use this to remember that their shows ownership or possession.

t-heir

​Memory Trick

The team members placed their bags against the fence.

​Example

they're- shortens they are

Use they are in the sentence to check.

​Memory Trick

They're going on a field trip to the museum to visit the new exhibit.

​Example

Multiple Choice

Complete each sentence by choosing the correct word in parentheses.

Jasmine and Lulu were happy because they found (their/there/they’re) boots.

• their

• there

• they're

Multiple Choice

Complete each sentence by choosing the correct word in parentheses.

They should not have put them (their/there/they’re)

• their

• there

• they're

Multiple Choice

Complete each sentence by choosing the correct word in parentheses.

(Their/There/They’re) going to have to wear those boots when it snows.

• their

• there

• they're

your, you're

your- shows possession

Our, which is found in the middle of your, is also a possessive word

y-our

​Memory Trick

Put your assignment on my desk.

​Example

you're- shortens you are

Use your are in the sentence to check.

​Memory Trick

You're going to win the election and be class president next year.

​Example

Multiple Choice

________ going to get in trouble if you show up late.

• Your

• You're

Multiple Choice

Are you wearing ______ glasses?

• Your

• You're

Multiple Choice

When ________ walking to school make sure to be careful.

• Your

• You're

Multiple Choice

What is ______ favorite food?

• Your

• You're