Plant Structures

Plant Structures and Functions

Stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that allow for the exchange of gases. They enable carbon dioxide to enter the plant for photosynthesis and release oxygen as a byproduct. Stomata also regulate water loss through transpiration, which helps the plant manage its internal water balance. Guard cells control the opening and closing of these pores in response to environmental factors like light, humidity, and CO2 levels.

STOMATA = Guard Cells

Hotspot

Choose the stomata in the picture to the right.

Dropdown

The stomata are known as ​

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. They allow ​

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to enter the cell and ​

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to leave the cell. ​

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is the release of water through the stomata.

Multiple Choice

When do stomata open, and when do they close?

• Stomata open when they are thirsty and close when they have enough to drink.

• Stomata open when there is sunlight for photosynthesis and close when it is dark.

• Stomata open when it is hot so it cools with perspiration sweat during a drought.

• Stomata open during the night time to take in more oxygen and close during the day to release carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose as their primary food source. During this process, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, using sunlight to transform these into glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced is used for energy to support growth, reproduction, and other vital functions. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, which is essential for life on Earth, as it is vital for the respiration of many organisms.

Photosynthesis

glucose

Labelling

Label the parts of photosynthesis correctly on the picture.

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Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Light

Chloroplasts

Phloem

Water

Xylem

Stomata

Glucose

Dropdown

​

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(gas) + ​

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(liquid) + ​

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(energy) --> ​

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(gas) + ​

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(chemical energy)

Match

Match the correct photosynthesis words.

• gas product

• gas reactant

• chemical energy product

• liquid reactant

• radiant energy reactant

O₂

CO₂

C₆H₁₂O₆

H₂O

Light

• O₂

• CO₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆

• H₂O

• Light

Plant reproduction often occurs through the flower, which contains the reproductive organs. The male part, called the stamen, produces pollen, while the female part, called the pistil, contains the ovary where seeds are formed. Pollen from the stamen must reach the pistil through pollination, which can happen via wind, insects, or animals. Once pollination occurs, fertilization takes place, leading to the development of seeds, which can grow into new plants.

Plant Reproduction

Labelling

Label the parts of a flower.

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Stigma

Style

Ovary

Filament

Pistil

Petal

Anther

Stamen

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Bee lands on the flower for nectar

• pollen from the anther sticks to the bee

• the bee flies to another flower

• Pollen on the bee lands on the stigma

• Pollen fertilizes the ovule to make a seed

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Somatic cells are body cells. What are the sex cells of a plant?

• The gametes of a plant are the pollen and ovule.

• The gametes of a plant are the anther and the stigma.

• The body cells of a plant are the filament and the style.

• The body cells of a plant are the petals and the sepal.

The xylem and phloem are two types of vascular tissue in plants that play key roles in transporting essential substances. The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. The phloem, on the other hand, moves the sugars and nutrients produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Together, these tissues ensure that the plant receives the necessary water, nutrients, and energy to grow and thrive.

Plant Transport

Labelling

Label the parts of a plant's stem.

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Root Hairs

Fruit

Water & Minerals

Food & Water

Glucose

xylem

Root (carrot)

phloem

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The ​

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transports ​

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and minerals ​

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from the roots, while the ​

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carries ​

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and nutrients throughout the plant, with both playing vital roles in maintaining plant health and growth.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key difference between the xylem and phloem in plants?

• The xylem transports sugars, while the phloem transports water and minerals.

• The xylem is found only in the roots, while the phloem is found only in the leaves.

• The xylem transports water and minerals, while the phloem transports sugars and nutrients.

• The xylem and phloem both transport water, but only the phloem transports minerals.