Bones 2.0 Lesson BWHS

Functions of the Skeletal System
01. Support

●structure and shape

02. Protection

●surrounds & protects internal organs

03. Mineral storage

●calcium & phosphorus

04. Blood cell formation

●RBC formed in bone marrow

05. Anchoring and movement of
muscles

Bone

• Is made up of minerals
• Contains:

– living substances

• osteoblasts— cells which form new bone
• osteoclasts— cells which eat away old bone
• osteocytes— mature bone cells

– non-living substances

• minerals— calcium and phosphorus
• salts

Broken bones heal themselves through the use of
osteoclasts eating the broken pieces and osteoblasts
forming new bone.

Types and Shapes of Bones

Long Bone Anatomy

SESAMOID BONE

Sesamoid bones are small bones that are situated

within tendons.

They are also called floating

bones.

Example: Patella

Long Bones

• Are those which are longer than they are wide
• Include:

– femur
– tibia
– Fibula
– humerus

12

– radius
– ulna
– phalanges

SHORT BONES

• Are as wide as they are tall
• Are found in areas where there is

little room
and strength is needed

• Are very compact
• Include:

– carpals
– tarsals

FLAT BONES

• Are large flat surfaced bones
• Offer protection of organs
• Serve as attachment

sites for muscles

• Include:

– skull
– pelvis
– sternum
– ribcage
– scapula

IRREGULAR BONES

• Are similar to the other bones, but are unique in their

shape

• Serve a unique purpose in the body, such as:

– protecting nervous tissue— vertebrae
– acting as an attachment point for muscles— sacrum
– maintaining pharynx and trachea support and tongue

attachment— hyoid bone