Mechanisms/Viruses/Kingdoms Test Review

Mechanisms/Viruses/Kingdoms Test Review

Viruses are NON-LIVING
No nucleus
No chloroplast
No ribosomes
DO have genetic material (nucleic acids)

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Virus

The capsid protects the virus (like a cell membrane)
The envelope protects the DNA (nucleic acids)
Glycoproteins help viruses attach to the host cell.

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Structure of viruses

Multiple Choice

Which structure is present in all prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses?

• capsid

• cytoplasm

• nucleic acids

• nucleus

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Which structure helps the virus attach to the host cell?

• glycoprotein receptors

• capsid

• envelope

• hereditary material

Multiple Choice

How can we prevent the spread of viruses?

• Shake hands with everyone

• clean high touch surfaces often

• ignore symptoms and continue to go to work/school

• only stay home if you have a fever, not considering other symptoms

Multiple Choice

Which function do both viruses and cells have in common?

• Metabolism
• reproduce on their own

• made of cells

• evolve

Vaccines stimulate a response in the human immune system to fight off viruses.

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Purpose of Vaccines

Multiple Choice

The Ebola viruses attacks the heart and blood vessels. This viruses can be deadly. In order to prevent deaths from this virus, vaccines were tested. For these vaccines to work they must...

• Cause the immune system to produce more viruses to recognize and destroy the virus

• stimulate a response of the immune system to fight the virus

• produce bacterial cells that will attach to the virus

• destroy the capsid surrounding the viral genome

• Multicellular

• Heterotroph

• Has a cell wall

• No chloroplast
  

​​Fungi

• Unicellular

• Heterotroph/Autotroph

• Does not have a cell wall

• Does not have chloroplast

Bacteria/Archae

• Multicellular

• Autotroph

• Has a cell wall

• Has chloroplast

Plantae

• Multicellular/Unicellular

• Heterotroph/Autotroph

• Some have a cell wall

• Some have chloroplast

Protista

Multiple Select

There is an unknown organism that is multicellular, the nutrition is unknown, there is a cell wall, and chloroplast is also present. Choose all kingdoms that this organism may be classified under.

• Eubacteria

• Archaebacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

Mechanism of Evolution that involves the movement of organism from one existing population to another

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Gene Flow

Mechanism of Evolution that involves the reduction of genetic diversity due to a random chance such as natural disaster.

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Genetic Drift

Mechanism of Evolution that involves mutations occurring in a population. Mutations create an increased genetic diversity. Creates change in the population.

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Mutation

Multiple Choice

When a fish is transferred from one pond to another what type of mechanism of evolution is this?

• genetic drift

• gene flow

• natural selection

• punctuated equilibrium

Multiple Choice

In the event of a wildfire it caused the population of butterflies to decrease drastically. What type of mechanism of evolution is this?

• genetic drift

• gene flow

• natural selection

• temporal isolation

Multiple Choice

TRUE or FALSE: The more mutations that occur in a population the more change that occur in the gene pool

• TRUE

• FALSE

​Type of speciation that prefers the middle or average genotype.
Ex. Female Robins typically produce anywhere from 1-10 offspring. Laying too few eggs runs the risk of them all getting eaten, and laying too many eggs results in malnourished offspring. Most Robins will produce 4-5 eggs.

Stabilizing Selection

​Type of speciation that prefers one of the extreme genotypes of a population.
Ex. Before the Industrial Revolution, trees were a light gray color. During the Industrial Revolution, many trees were covered with soot. Because of this change, light-colored peppered moths were preyed upon while dark-colored peppered moths survived.

Directional Selection

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about the fitness level of the new population?

• larger beaked birds have the highest fitness

• small beaked birds will adapt to new environments

• medium beaked birds have the lowest fitness

• medium beaked birds have the highest fitness

Cladograms or phylogenetic trees show common ancestry among seemingly unrelated organisms.

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Cladograms

Multiple Choice

Which derived trait do all species share in the cladogram pictured?

• Vertebrae

• Jaws

• bone ribs

• fingers and toes