Caliphate History of the Middle East

Multiple Choice

The highest leader of the early Islamic Empires, translated to "successor," is the

• caliph

• shah

• sultan

• emperor

Multiple Select

What cities became important trade stops along land and sea routes? select all that apply

• Aden

• Damascus

• Baghdad

• Constantinople

• Cordoba

Multiple Choice

What is the Qur'an?

• A cool book teaching you all the things you know about life

• A powerful book about the 5 pillars

• 23 revelations of Muhammad

• Holy book of Islam

Multiple Choice

Which family dynasty moved the capital of the caliphate from the holy city of Mecca to Damascus?

• Abbasid

• Sunnah

• Shariah

• Umayyad

Multiple Choice

Which branch of Islam believes anyone can become caliph as long as they are a competent leader?

• Shia

• Sunni

• Lagan

• Salat

Multiple Choice

Which family dynasty took over the Caliphate in 750 AD and moved the capital to Baghdad?

• Abbasid

• Umayyad

• Fatimid

• Rashidun

Multiple Select

What two forms of literature are most often read by Muslims?

• non-fiction

• short stories

• the illyad

• poems

Multiple Choice

Which branch of Islam believes caliphs should only come from the family of the prophet Muhammad?

• Sunni

• Terrier

• Shia

• Lagan

Multiple Choice

Sunni Muslims believed that the title of Caliph should be...

• given to the most qualified candidate.

• given to a blood relative of Muhammad.

• chosen by lottery.

• traced to the tribe of Abraham.

Multiple Choice

Shia Muslims believed that the title of Caliph should be...

• traced to the roots of Abraham.

• awarded to the most qualified candidate.

• continued on by blood relatives of Muhammad.

• chosen by a lottery.

Multiple Choice

Within Islam, the split between Sunni and Shia occurred because of a disagreement over

• Who should be the leader of Islam after Muhammad

• Where the capital of Islam should be

• The order of Suras or Chapters in the Quran

• The invasion expansion of the Abbasid Caliphate

Multiple Choice

How did the Umayyads change the caliphates?

• The passed the caliphate down through the family line

• They moved the capitol to Persia

• They gave it to the Abbasids

• They abolished it

Multiple Choice

How did the Abbasid caliphate promote learning and education among their people?

• it punished parents for not educating their children

• building libraries and academies for studying

• making all children go to school

• giving people money for reading

Multiple Choice

What was the primary focus of the Abbasid Caliphate?

• Creation of a new religion, conversion of conquered people

• Government administration, trade, promoting education

• Conquest, expansion, strong military

• strong taxation, saving money

Multiple Choice

What led to the end of the Ottoman Empire? 

• They were on the losing side of WWI
• Factory worker rebelled 
• A famine led to a farmer revolt
• The empire went bankrupt

Multiple Choice

Which one of these is NOT a five pillar of Islam?

• Giving Alms (giving back to poor)

• Praying only 1 time a day

• Saying a dedication creed every time you pray

• Fasting

Multiple Choice

Islam is a monotheistic religion

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the holy book of Islam?

• Quran

• Bible

• Torah

• The Art of Makeup

A caliphate is like a big kingdom or empire ruled by a leader called a caliph. The word "caliph" means "successor" because they were considered successors to Prophet Muhammad.

​

​What is a Caliphate?

​

Sunni vs Shia

• In AD 656, Uthman, the third caliph to rule after Muhammad, was killed.

• His death led to a schism of Islam

• Shia - believed the next ruler should be a descendant of Muhammad.

• Sunni - believed that any religious Muslim man could lead the community and explain the teachings of the Quran. (85% of population)

Multiple Choice

REVIEW: What are some ways the religion of Islam spread?

• Marriage, migration, and cultural exchange.
• Trade, conquest, and missionary activities.
• Military campaigns, colonization, and forced conversion.
• Political alliances, economic incentives, and religious tolerance.

Two major caliphates were the Umayyad and Abbasid. The Umayyads were based in Damascus, and the Abbasids later moved the capital to Baghdad. Each had its own time of power and influence.

​

​Umayyad & Abbasid Dynasty

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate was known for the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, a fantastic place where scholars gathered to learn and share knowledge in fields like science, math, and philosophy.

​

The period when the Islamic caliphates were at their height is often called the "Golden Age of Islam." During this time, there were many advancements in science, medicine, and arts.

​

​Abbadid Caliphate = Golden Age of Islam

Multiple Choice

What building was built in Baghdad that was set up to translate texts from Greece, India, Persia and other into Arabic?

• House of Worship

• Taj mahal

• House of Wisdom

• Ka'aba

Multiple Choice

What Caliphate took over when the Umayyad's were overthrown?

• The Romans

• The Ottomans

• The Spartans

• The Abbasids

Territory Troubles

• The Safavids and Ottomans fought over territory, like the Mughals as well

• Shah (Safavid) versus Sultan (Ottoman)

• At first, the Shah sent preachers to different parts of the Ottoman Empire

• But soon they would go to war.

Multiple Choice

Which Muslim ruler unified Muslim Spain?

• Abd al-Rahman

• Abu Bakr

• Ali

• Muhammad

Multiple Choice

What was the capital of Al-Andalus?

• Córdoba

• Damascus

• Cairo

• Baghdad

Multiple Choice

What caliphate refused to acknowledge Abbassid rule?

• Al-Andalus

• Safavid

• Ottoman

• Mughal

​Map of the Ottoman Empire

• ​In the 14th century, Ottomans moved into Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor.

​

• ​Will capture Constantinople and take over Byzantine Empire

​Chamboz at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Multiple Choice

How were conquered people treated in the Ottoman empire?

• they were allowed to practice the religion of their choice
• had some limited rights to self-govern
• all of these
• had to pay an extra tax 

Multiple Choice

True or False: The Ottomans required that all the peoples they conquered converted to the Islamic religion or they were executed.

• False
• True

Difference in Islamic Beliefs

• One of the biggest differences between the Islamic Gunpowder Empires was their interpretation of the Islamic Faith

• The Ottomans practiced Sunni Islam and only taxed non-muslims.

• The Safavids exercised Shi'a Islam and forced their conquests to convert.

• The Mughal ruled mostly non Muslims and attempted to blend religions - - Divine Faith

Multiple Choice

Which Islamic group began to invade the Christian, Byzantine Empire?

• Fatimid
• Turk
• Chinese
• Franks

A sultan was like a big boss or leader in an Islamic empire. They were in charge of making important decisions and guiding the empire.

Sultans

Multiple Choice

Nicknamed 'the Magnificent' or 'the Lawgiver', he was the leader of the Ottoman Empire from 1520-1566.

• Mehmed the Conqueror

• Muhammad II

• Mustafa IV

• Suleiman

Multiple Choice

Often the Ottomans treated the people they conquered often _______ improving the lives of peasants living in their territories.

• killed everyone they conqured

• sold them into slavery

• treated them harsh

• treated them kindly

Multiple Choice

What was the title given to the ruler of the Ottoman Empire?

• Janissary
• Rajput
• Sultan
• Mansabdar

Multiple Select

Which continents did the Ottoman Empire have some control over? Click all that apply.

• Europe

• Asia

• Africa

• North America

• South America

​Safavid Empire

• ​Persia, modern-day Iran

• ​Practiced Shi'a Islam

• ​Often fought with Ottomans and the Mughals

• ​Capital city was Isfahan

• ​The Safavids will be replaced by the Qajar Shahs

• ​The capital is moved to Tehran

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Safavid_Empire_1501_1722_AD.png

Multiple Choice

____ were an elite guard of Ottoman soldiers.

• sinans

• ulema

• pashas

• janissaries

Multiple Choice

Which technology, first developed by the Chinese, enabled the Ottoman Empire to expand militarily into western Asia, Europe, and northern Africa?

• woodblock printing

• wheelbarrow

• gunpowder

• magnetic compass

Multiple Choice

Due to its diverse population, the Ottomans were known for

• Forcing its subjects to convert to Islam

• Creating harsh laws against Christians and Jews

• Allowing many non-muslims into the government

• Allowing religious practice for all, at a price

Multiple Choice

Who was Muhammad?

• Another name for Jesus
• God
• prophet that was told by angel to teach Islam

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the people who follow Muhammad and Islam?

• Islams

• Muslims

Multiple Choice

Christianity, Islam and Judaism all have what in common? 

• All are  monotheistic
• All are polytheistic
• Each have a unique holy city
• Each have a unique prophet that is the son of God

Multiple Choice

What is the body of law for Islam?

• Talmud
• Hajj
• Sharia
• Mecca

Multiple Choice

Islam requires Muslims to make at least one pilgrimage to

• Mount Hija

• Mecca

• Medina

• Baghdad

Multiple Choice

What is the pilgrimage to Mecca called?

• Kaaba
• Tajj
• Hajj
• Medina

Multiple Choice

What are the basic beliefs of the Islam faith called?

• Four Noble Truths

• Eightfold path

• Five Pillars

• Three Wise Sayings

Multiple Choice

Who was Abu Bakr?

• He was the fourth Muslim ruler or caliph.
• He was the third Muslim ruler or caliph.
• He was the second Muslim ruler or caliph.
• He was the first Muslim ruler or caliph.

Multiple Choice

Shia Muslims believed that the caliph should be

• another prophet

• awarded to the most qualified candidate.

• continued on by blood relatives of Muhammad.

• chosen by a lottery.

Multiple Choice

Sunni Muslims believed that the caliph should be...

• selected from the community by the community

• a blood relative of Muhammad.

• chosen by lottery.

• traced to the tribe of Isaac.