C5 F.3 Map reading

F.3 Map reading

Relief, relief features, slope gradient, cross-section, vertical exaggeration

What is relief?

​P.9

​Relief can be shown in 3 ways:

​Bear in mind!!!!!
We are reading 2D maps but
thinking in 3D (3D landscape)!

2D map shows the bird's eye view

​Relief - colouring

Multiple Choice

What colour represents highland?

• green

• brown

Multiple Choice

What colour represents lowland?

• green

• brown

​P.10

​height above sea level
coastline: 0m

​What's the vertical interval in this map?

​

Multiple Choice

Are places C, D and E at the same height?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

What is the height of places C, D and E?

• 0 m

• 10 m

• 20 m

• 30 m

Multiple Choice

What is the height of place A?

• 0 m

• 10 m

• 20 m

• 30 m

​Tips for finding approximate heights

1. Find the vertical interval

2. Label the contour lines

3. approximate => usually ends with "0" or "5"m

4. If a point lies in the middle of two contour lines
   => vertical interval /2 + the lower height

5. If a point is closer to a contour line, you can divide the space between the two contour lines into a few parts and estimate the height.

Multiple Choice

What is the height of place B?

• 10 m

• 20 m

• 30 m

• 40 m

Multiple Choice

Is the height of the land the same or varied along D-E?

• same

• varied

Multiple Choice

What does this symbol mean?

• triangle

• triangle with a dot

• trigonometric station

• centre of triangle

Multiple Choice

What is the height at this trigonometric station?

• 60

• 75

• 80

• 84

spot height

​trigonometric station

​Practice Time!

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point A.

• 0 m

• 50 m

• 100 m

• 10 m

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point C.

• 0 m

• 50 m

• 100 m

• 10 m

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point D.

• 100 m

• 150 m

• 200 m

• 120 m

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point G.

• 350 m

• 400 m

• 450 m

• 500 m

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point E.

• 200 m

• 210 m

• 230 m

• 250 m

Multiple Choice

Find the height of point F.

• 200 m

• 220 m

• 250 m

• 270 m

​P.16

Steep slope

Gentle slope

​2 ways!

​on map

​Steepness: (1) study the contour line

​Steepness: (1) study the contour line

Drag and Drop

Slope A is ​

Placeholder

.

Slope B is ​

Placeholder

.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

steep

gentle

Fill in the Blank

What is the vertical interval?

Fill in the Blank

What is the height of X?

Fill in the Blank

Is slope Y or slope Z steeper?

​​Steepness: (2) calculate the slope gradient

​~ slope in Math but...
the answer is 1 in XX

​What is the gradient here?

​（比率）

​Steps for finding slope gradient:

Please write all these steps in your work
​1. Find vertical distance: higher point - lower point
2. Find horizontal distance:
measured distance on map x map scale
3. Gradient = vertical distance / horizontal distance
*****final answer must be: 1 in XX (no unit)
***round off your answer to 1 d.p. if necessary

​

​​​Steepness: (2) calculate the slope gradient

​P.17

​Which slope has the largest gradient? The steepest?

​Which slope has the largest gradient? The steepest?

The larger the gradient (1:1 > 1:40), the steeper the slope.

​P.18

Math Response

Type the equation only!

Vertical distance between A1 and A2:

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 160-120

Deg^°

Rad

​Check vertical interval!

​tips!
distance on map x map scale

​​Check map scale!

Math Response

Type the equation only!

Horizontal distance between A1 and A2:

(start the equation with 5.6)

Type answer here

Correct Answer: 5.6\times50

Deg^°

Rad

​Steps for finding slope gradient:

Please write all these steps in your work
​1. Find vertical distance: higher point - lower point
2. Find horizontal distance:
measured distance on map x map scale
3. Gradient = vertical distance / horizontal distance
*****final answer must be: 1 in XX (no unit)
***round off your answer to 1 d.p. if necessary

​

​3 steps!

(​smaller gradient)

​Cross-section

​

​Cross-section

How to draw a cross-section:

​Steps:
1. Draw a straight line between A and B.
2. Take a paper strip and mark down the intercepted points (contour lines, features, points A and B).
3. Draw a frame for the cross-section
(1cm vertical interval for the vertical axis; A-B horizontal distance for horizontal axis)

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p05_11_draw_cross_e/

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p05_11_draw_cross_e/

How to draw a cross-section:

​Steps:
4. Put the paper strip along the horizontal axis of the frame. Mark the heights of the intercepted contour lines.
5. Join the points with a smooth curve.
6. Annotate any features along A-B.
7. Add a title of the cross-section and label the ends of A-B on horizontal axis.

5 key points to check in a cross-section!

1. Title
2. Label 2 ends of the section (e.g. A and B)
3. Vertical axis (correct interval + unit (m)!)
4. The line/ curve
5. Annotation/ label of features
(e.g. river, footpath, road)

Let's try!​
P.13 & 15:
Checkpoint 3 and
Checkpiont 4 (except Q2)

​P.15

​Cross-section

​​Cross-section - Vertical Exaggeration (V.E.)

​​Cross-section - Vertical Exaggeration (V.E.)

​​Cross-section - Vertical Exaggeration (V.E.)

​change the scale into R.F.

​Cross-section - Vertical Exaggeration (V.E.)

Let's try!​
P.15: Checkpoint 4 Q2

​P.15

​P.15

​​Relief features x12

​Imagine in 3D!

​​Relief features x12

https://www.aristo.com.hk/interactivegeog2nd/rsc/LandformKit/landfomModel.html?lang=en

https://www.aristo.com.hk/interactivegeog2nd/rsc/3Dmodel/model_5.html?lang=en

(1)

(2)

​Spur (山咀):
long, sloping land, usually found between valleys

Valley (山谷):
low-lying land between higher grounds or hills

​(3)&(4) Spur and Valley

(3)&(4)

​READ THE CONTOUR LINES!!!

Multiple Choice

A is a __________.

• valley

• spur

• concave slope

• convex slope

Multiple Choice

B is a __________.

• valley

• spur

• concave slope

• convex slope

​A: v-shape bends towards a
larger value (higher ground) => valley

​B: v-shape bends towards a smaller value (lower ground)
=> spur

​(5) Ridge (山脊)
- a long narrow range of higher land
- usually consists of a chain of mountains or hills

​vs. Hill
​- A hill（山丘）is an area of higher ground

​(5) Ridge

• a shallow gap on a ridge
  between two peaks.

​(6) Saddle (鞍形山口)

​(7) Round-topped hill (圓頂山)

​(8) Conical hill (錐形山)

​Tips: Check the spacing of the contour lines!

​(9) Flat-topped hill（平頂山）

​More examples of nature's table!

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mesa/

​(10) Cliff (峭壁／斷崖)

​(11) Plateau & (12) Basin

Multiple Choice

P.22

What is A?

• flat-topped hill

• conical hill

• round-topped hill

Multiple Choice

P.22

What is B?

• concave slope

• convex slope

• gentle slope

• steep slope

Multiple Choice

P.22

What is C?

• concave slope

• convex slope

• gentle slope

• steep slope

Multiple Choice

P.22

What is D?

• flat-topped hill

• conical hill

• round-topped hill

• ridge

Multiple Choice

P.22

What is E?

• concave slope

• convex slope

• gentle slope

• steep slope

​New terms that you learnt today :) - P.24

Relief Of HongKong 香港的地勢

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Open Ended

What is the relief of Hong Kong?

​P.23 Please complete "Let's explore 3"

Multiple Choice

Are the slopes of the hills mostly steep or gentle?

• steep

• gentle

Multiple Choice

Which part of the New Territories has a more hilly relief?

• eastern

• western

Open Ended

How can we tell whether a piece of lowland was obtained by reclamation?

Open Ended

Can you give some examples of offshore islands in Hong Kong?

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/VR/ReliefOfHongKong/

​Please complete P.26 Q2

​Map reading book exercise (optional):
Contour lines: P. 69
Cross-section: P. 72-73, 78
Vertical exaggeration: P. 75-76
Gradient: P. 84-85 (Q3 only)
Relief features: P. 91-92

Integrated exercises:
P.93-94, 94-95 (except Q2), 97-99 (except Q5)

If you want me to mark it, please hand in a hard copy to me,
at least 1 week before the test and exam.