PHS - Ch. 9 Body Systems for Support & Movement (Slides 1-12)

PHS: Ch. 9 - Academic Knowledge: Body Systems for Support and Movement (Slides 1-12)

1. Body Systems for Support and Movement

2. Integumentary System

Body Systems for Support and Movement

There are three systems that work together to provide support and movement, which include:

• Integumentary System = Skin

• Muscular System = Muscles

• Skeletal System= Bones, Joints, Cartilage

  
  

• We will continue to learn about these three systems over the next few weeks.

Connective Tissue & Collagen

• Connective tissue

  • Gives these systems support and structure, while muscular tissue provides movement.

• Collagen

  • Collagen is a protein fiber that connects, supports, and gives strength to body tissues such as the skin, muscle tendons, and bone ligaments.

  • Collagen is the "glue" that keeps the skin firm, muscles flexible, and bones strong.

  • Collagen decreases as we age.

The Integumentary System

​Includes skin, hair, and nails

• Functions of the skin:

  • Protects and supports the bones , muscles, and internal organs

  • Works with other systems to sense touch and maintain body temperature

  • Plays a role in producing and storing some nutrients

  • Gets rid of body waste

The Epidermis

• The outermost layer of skin

• Made up of mostly dead skin cells

• Protects the body from bacteria

• Holds in moisture to prevent dehydration

• Contains the brownish-black pigment as Melanin (melanocytes)

The Dermis

• Second (middle layer) of the skin

• Made of connective tissue

• Contains most of the skin's Major organs/structures

  • Hair, nails, nerve endings, blood vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sweat glands, subcutaneous fat

• Hair and nails grow from living roots located in this layer.

The Hypodermis

• Innermost layer of skin, located beneath the dermis

• Contains connective tissue that attaches the skin to the muscle

• Made mostly of subcutaneous fat, which has important functions such as:

  • Providing padding, holding in body heat, and storing energy and nutrients

• This layer of fat builds up as we grow into adulthood but decreases as we age, which leads to loss of fat and elasticity and causes the skin to sag/wrinkle.

• Some fat is necessary, but what could excess fat be linked to?
  

Skin Diseases &
Conditions

• Skin cancer

  • Malignant melanoma (most deadly)

  • Basal cell carcinoma (most common)

• Warts

• Dandruff

• Acne

• Boil

• Skin lesions

Skin Injuries

• Abrasions

  • To the epidermis heal without scarring

• Lacerations

  • That cut into deeper layers leave a scar

• Pressure ulcers

  • Caused by lack of circulation to the skin; bedsores

• Burns (heat, electricity, chemicals)

  • First-, second-, third-, and fourth-degree

  • Rule of nines (how we estimate the size of a burn)

• Plastic surgery

  • Cosmetic: Enhances beauty

  • Reconstructive: Repairs damage

Critical Thinking

Explain the ABCDE rule:

• This acronym describes how to detect possible skin cancer

• Stands for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color Changes, Diameter, and Evolving
  

Distinguish between the different degrees of burns.

• First-degree: affects only the epidermis

• Second-degree: causes blisters and damage the the dermis

• Third-degree: Damages full thickness of skin, including the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

• Fourth-degree: Causes injury to muscle, tendons and bone; requires surgery to remove dead skin, place skin grafts, and manage the scars and skin tightening that occur

Multiple Choice

Which system provides a protective outer layer that helps sense touch and regulate body temperature?

• muscular system

• skeletal system

• integumentary system

• cardiovascular system

Multiple Select

The integumentary system consists of which of the following:

• hair

• skin

• nails

• internal organs

Multiple Choice

What protein gives strength and structure to connective tissues like skin, ligaments, and tendons?

• keratin

• collagen

• melanin

• elastin

Multiple Select

Which of the following are functions of the integumentary system?

• regulating body temperature

• sensing touch

• protecting internal organs

• pumping blood throughout the body

• sending electrical signals to control muscle movement

Match

Layers of the skin:

• outermost layer

• middle layer

• innermost layer

epidermis

dermis

hypodermis

• epidermis

• dermis

• hypodermis

Multiple Choice

What does the ABCDE rule help patients identify?

• bone fractures

• muscle strains

• potential skin cancer

• joint inflammation

Multiple Choice

What is the primary cause of pressure ulcers?

• infection

• lack of circulation/blood flow

• excessive moisture

• poor nutrition