

Caso Clinico 7
Presentation
•
Science
•
1st - 3rd Grade
•
Medium
Javier Tiscareño
Used 2+ times
FREE Resource
23 Slides • 15 Questions
1
2
3
Multiple Choice
¿Con base a los datos previamente referidos, podría pensar en algún diagnóstico presuntivo?
Apendicitis aguda complicada
Obstrucción intestinal
Intoxicación alimentaria leve sin deshidratación
Gastroenteritis infecciosa con deshidratación
4
Multiple Choice
¿Cuáles son los criterios que tomó en cuenta para establecer dicho diagnóstico PRESUNTIVO?
Dolor abdominal leve, sin fiebre ni alteraciones en el estado de hidratación
Episodios aislados de vómito sin cambio en la consistencia ni frecuencia de las evacuaciones
Vómito de contenido gastro-alimenticio 30 ocasiones y diarrea 30 ocasiones con moco y sangre
Diarrea acuosa sin posible deshidratación
5
6
Multiple Choice
Verdadero o Falso: El antecedente de consumo de camarones en caldo hace improbable que la causa de la enfermedad sea de origen infeccioso
Verdadero
Falso
7
8
Multiple Choice
En un paciente con gastroenteritis, ¿qué implica la presencia de una frecuencia cardiaca de 170 lpm en un examen torácico normal?
Que no existe compromiso sistémico, ya que el tórax es normal
La presencia de una arritmia cardíaca primaria.
Una respuesta compensatoria a la hipovolemia por activación del sistema simpático
Indica que hay una infección respiratoria concomitante
9
10
Multiple Choice
¿Cuál sería el Glasgow adecuado para evaluar a este paciente?, y cuál se mencionó fue su puntaje?
Evaluar con la escala de coma para adultos, obteniéndose un Glasgow de 15.
Evaluar con la escala pediátrica de coma de Glasgow, obteniéndose un Glasgow de 15.
Evaluar con la escala pediátrica de coma de Glasgow, obteniéndose un Glasgow de 13.
Evaluar con la escala de coma para adultos, obteniéndose un Glasgow de 13
11
12
¿Cómo explicaría las alteraciones en la exploración física?
13
14
Multiple Choice
¿Cuál sería su manejo inmediato?
Plan A: Aporte de líquidos vía oral con vida suero oral (VSO) y alimentación habitual.
Plan B: Terapia de rehidratación oral con VSO
Plan C: Terapia intravenosa con solución salina 0.9% o Ringer lactato,
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16
17
Multiple Choice
En un niño con gastroenteritis que presenta diarrea con moco y sangre, ¿cuál de los siguientes exámenes laboratoriales es el más indicado para identificar el agente bacteriano?
Coprológico
Hemograma (BH)
Química sanguínea
Coprocultivo
18
Multiple Choice
En la evaluación integral de un paciente pediátrico con sospecha de gastroenteritis, ¿cuál de los siguientes exámenes NO se solicita de rutina?
Coprológico
Hemograma (BH)
Química sanguínea
Radiografía de abdomen
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25
Multiple Choice
Los tipos de deshidratación se clasifican según la osmolaridad del plasma. En la deshidratación hipertónica, el hallazgo característico es:
Sodio sérico <130 mEq/L, con mayor pérdida de agua que de electrolitos
Sodio sérico 130-150 mEq/L, con pérdida equilibrada de agua y electrolitos
Sodio sérico >150 mEq/L, con mayor pérdida de agua que de electrolitos
Sodio sérico <120 mEq/L, con edema y aumento del volumen extracelular
26
Multiple Choice
Con base en los laboratoriales, ¿qué tipo de deshidratación presenta el paciente?
Isotónica
Hipotónica
Hipertónica
27
Multiple Choice
¿Qué complicación grave podría desarrollar este paciente si no se maneja adecuadamente la deshidratación?
Edema pulmonar
Shock Hipovolémico
Hipervolémia
Insuficiencia hepática aguda
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30
31
Multiple Choice
Realiza el cálculo para un niño de 20 kg con deshidratación grave (20% de deshidratación):
1700 ml
1800 ml
1900 ml
2000 ml
32
Multiple Choice
¿Cuál sería su diagnóstico o diagnósticos finales?
Gastroenteritis bacteriana por E. coli
Intoxicación alimentaria viral
Apendicitis aguda complicada
Gastroenteritis bacteriana por Salmonella
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BONUS
35
Multiple Choice
A 7-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being rescued from a burning house. On arrival, she is obtunded. Her pulse is 132/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 88/52 mm Hg. She is at the 72nd percentile for height (125 cm) and the 70th percentile for weight (25 kg). Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. Examination shows erythematous burn wounds with fluid-filled vesicles and bullae that cover 30% of the body surface area. The burn wounds blanch on applying pressure. There is mild stridor heard at the lung bases bilaterally. Cardiac examination shows no abnormalities. There is no pharyngeal edema or soot in the nostrils. Peripheral pulses are palpable bilaterally. She is intubated and mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen is begun. Urinary catheterization is performed. Laboratory studies are within the reference ranges. Two large-bore intravenous catheters are inserted and fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution is begun. In addition to fluid resuscitation for replacement of ongoing fluid loss, which of the following is the most appropriate maintenance fluid resuscitation regimen?
25 mL/h of albumin solution
140 mL/h of normal saline
65 mL/h of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's
140 mL/h of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's
36
A 7-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after being rescued from a burning house. On arrival, she is obtunded. Her pulse is 132/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 88/52 mm Hg. She is at the 72nd percentile for height (125 cm) and the 70th percentile for weight (25 kg). Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 98%. Examination shows erythematous burn wounds with fluid-filled vesicles and bullae that cover 30% of the body surface area. The burn wounds blanch on applying pressure. There is mild stridor heard at the lung bases bilaterally. Cardiac examination shows no abnormalities. There is no pharyngeal edema or soot in the nostrils. Peripheral pulses are palpable bilaterally. She is intubated and mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen is begun. Urinary catheterization is performed. Laboratory studies are within the reference ranges. Two large-bore intravenous catheters are inserted and fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution is begun. In addition to fluid resuscitation for replacement of ongoing fluid loss, which of the following is the most appropriate maintenance fluid resuscitation regimen?
65 mL/h of 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's
37
Multiple Choice
A 3 year old girl is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of a 4-day history of progressive nonbloody diarrhea, emesis, abdominal cramping, and fever.. She appears lethargic. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Serum studies show a sodium level of 111 mEq/L and a potassium level of 3.7 mEq/L. Urgent treatment for this patient's current condition increases his risk for which of the following adverse events?
Wernicke encephalopathy
Cardiac arrythmia
Central Pontine myelinolysis
Respiratory depression
38
A 3 year old girl is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of a 4-day history of progressive nonbloody diarrhea, emesis, abdominal cramping, and fever.. She appears lethargic. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Serum studies show a sodium level of 111 mEq/L and a potassium level of 3.7 mEq/L. Urgent treatment for this patient's current condition increases his risk for which of the following adverse events?
Central Pontine myelinolysis
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