Kinetic and Gravitational Potential Energy

​Kinetic and Potential Energy Lesson

• Energy is the ability to cause a change

• There are MANY different types of energy

• Energy can be transformed from one form to another

​What is Energy?

​**Energy can never be lost or destroyed, it is only transferred

• ​The energy of motion

• Dependent on mass and speed

​​Kinetic Energy

• ​Stored energy

• Energy waiting to be used

​​Potential Energy

​

Multiple Choice

Sliding down a slide is an example of....

• Kinetic Energy

• Potential energy

Multiple Choice

An apple on a tree waiting to fall is an example of....

• Kinetic Energy

• Potential energy

Multiple Choice

Running to second base is an example of....

• Kinetic Energy

• Potential energy

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• Electrical energy is one type of Kinetic Energy
  

• The energy that an electric current carries

• Currents are in motion

• Electric energy is a form of kinetic energy!

​

​

• Electrical Energy
  

• Can be produced by moving objects

• Turning a generator changes kinetic energy into electric energy

  • Ex: Wind turbines

​

Multiple Choice

What type of energy is electrical energy?

• Potential

• Kinetic

• Mechanical

• Chemical

​Potential energy can transform (or convert) into kinetic energy

​

Multiple Choice

What energy conversion takes place as the apple falls from the branch to the ground below?

• Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.

• Potential energy is converted to chemical energy.

• Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy

• Chemical energy is converted to potential energy.

Multiple Choice

What energy conversion takes place as the 500 g pinewood derby car rolls down the track?

• Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.

• Potential energy is converted to thermal energy.

• Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy

• Thermal energy is converted to potential energy.

​Most gravitational potential energy

​Less gravitational potential energy

​No gravitational potential energy

​Gravitational Potential Energy

​Most gravitational potential energy

​Less gravitational potential energy

​Gravitational Potential Energy

• ​Also depends on mass

• Objects with more mass will have more Potential energy
  

​Gravitational Potential Energy

• ​Gravitational potential energy can be used to create electricity.

• Ex:  Hydroelectric energy plant (a dam)

• As the water falls, it turns a generator

• Very clean source of energy

• Can cause negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not have an effect on gravitational potential energy?

• mass

• height

• speed

• gravity

Multiple Choice

If you place a beach ball and a brick at the top of a cliff, which has more potential energy?

• brick

• beach ball

Multiple Choice

Which of the following occurs as the potential energy of an object decreases?

• Its kinetic energy increases.

• Its thermal energy decreases.

• Its chemical energy increases.

• Its magnetic energy decreases.

Energy is energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom.

​​Nuclear

​

​The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance.

​​Chemical

​Types of Potential Energy

Chemical Energy

​Chemical energy from fossil fuels creates most of the electrical energy in the US.

• Fossil Fuels are burned, and the atoms begin to break up.

• The chemical energy becomes thermal energy and is used to heat water to create steam.

• The steam turns a generator to create electricity.

• Fossil fuels release harmful waste into the atmosphere (Carbon Dioxide)

Nuclear Energy

​Most of our energy comes from the Sun.

• In the sun, the nuclei of atoms are fused together and release energy to Earth.

  • Nuclear fusion

• Nuclear power plants break apart the nuclei of atoms to release energy.

  • Nuclear fission

  • Byproduct is radioactive waste

Multiple Select

Which of these are examples of gravitational potential energy?

• skateboarder at the top of the ramp

• hanging traffic light

• a battery

• a spring that is compressed

Multiple Select

Which of these are examples of chemical potential energy?

• a skier at the top of a mountain

• an apple being digested

• a battery

• compressed tire shocks

Multiple Choice

How does the sun produce it's energy?

• Nuclear Fission

• Combustion

• Nuclear Fusion

Combining Kinetic and Potential Energy

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​As it goes downhill, it has less and less potential energy and more and more kinetic energy

• Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a system of objects.

• A system has energy because of the movement of its parts (kinetic energy) and because of the position of its parts (potential energy).

• Ex: Rotating blade on a wind turbine

  • Kinetic energy because the blade rotates

  • Gravitational potential energy because of the distance from the Earth’s surface

​

​Mechanical Energy

• Thermal energy is the sum
  the kinetic energy and
  potential energy of the
  particles that make up an object.

• Everything is made of matter. 

  • Kinetic energy: Even in a solid, the particles of matter are vibrating

  • Potential energy: The distance between the particles and the charge of the particles

​

​Thermal Energy

Multiple Choice

The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system of objects is called what?

• Chemical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Mechanical Energy

• Nuclear Energy

Multiple Choice

The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of the particles that make up the objects is called what?

• Mechanical Energy

• Thermal Energy

• Chemical Energy

• Nuclear Energy

Energy from Waves

• Sound energy is energy carried by sound waves

• All noise is carried through sound waves. 

  • Hand clapping (kinetic energy)

  • Tuning forks

  • Music

​

​Sound Energy

• Radiant energy is the energy carried by electromagnetic waves

• Examples of electromagnetic waves:

  • Radio waves

  • Light waves

  • Microwaves

• Most of our radiant energy
  comes from the Sun

​

​Radiant Energy

Multiple Choice

When you heat up your food in a microwave, what type of energy are you using?

• Magnetic

• Sound

• Solar

• Radiant

​Once you have at least 80%,

show Ms. Rullan your grade