Untitled Lesson

12
Mg

Magnesium

30

Zn

Zinc

TUTOR : DR Akma, EdD USM

CHAPTER 8

Elements and
Substances

Explain with examples
atoms, molecules and

ions.

.

Analyse the Modern

Periodic Table of

Elements.

Draw and write the

electron arrangement of

elements in its group.

.

1

2

3

Today, you will...

Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius introduced the
modern system of chemical symbols. He represented the
elements using one or two letters from their latin names.

Did You Know?

H₂O

MgCl₂

C₄H₁₀

Fe

3+

MATTER

MATTER IS ANYTHING THAT HAS
MASS AND OCCUPIED SPACE.
EXISTS IN THREE STATES:-

SOLID
LIQUID
GAS

MADE UP OF TINY AND DISCRETE
PARTICLES.
THREE TYPES OF PARTICLES THAT
MADE UP MATTER:-

ATOMS
MOLECULES
ION

ATOM

ION

MOLECULES

Smallest particle of an element.
consists of three subatomic particles
which are proton, electron and neutron

consist of two or more atoms that
chemically bonded together.
can be combinations of same or
different atoms

Chargers particles either “+ve” or “-ve”
Formed when an atoms donates or
accepts electron.

TYPES OF

PARTICLES

ATOMIC

SUBSTANCE

An atomic substance consists
of atom only
All metal elements and inert
gasses are atomic substances
Atoms in metal arranged
closely and orderly while atom
in inert gases arranged far
apart and not orderly.

Molecular
Substance

molecular substance consists of
molecules that are chemically
bonded by two or more atoms.
there 2 types:-

molecules (combination with
the same types of atoms)
molecules (combination with
the different types of atoms)

Ionic
Substance

ionic substances formed from
the reaction between metal
elements.
the metal atom loses electron to
form positives ion or cation.
examples: Na+ ,Mg+
non-metal atom accept electron
to form negative ion or cation.
examples : Cl- , I-

1
H

3
Li

11

Na

19
K

37
Rb

55
Cs

87
Fr

4

Be

12

Mg

20
Ca

38
Sr

56
Ba

88
Ra

21
Sc

39
Y

57-71

89-103

22
Ti

40
Zr

72
Hf

104
Rf

23
V

41
Nb

73
Ta

105
Db

24
Cr

42
Mo

74
W

106
Sg

25
Mn

43
Tc

75
Re

107
Bh

26
Fe

44
Ru

76
Os

108
Hs

27
Co

45
Rh

77
Ir

109
Mt

28
Ni

46
Pd

78
Pt

110
Ds

29
Cu

47
Ag

79
Au

111
Rg

30
Zn

48
Cd

80
Hg

112
Cn

5
B

13
Al

31
Ga

49
In

81
Ti

6
C

14
Si

32
Ge

50
Sn

82
Pb

7
N

15
P

33
As

51
Sb

83
Bi

8
O

16
S

34
Se

52
Te

84
Po

9
F

17
Cl

35
Br

53
I

85
At

2

He

10
Ne

18
Ar

36
Kr

54
Xe

86
Rn

57
La

58
Ce

59
Pr

60
Nd

61

Pm

62

Sm

63
Eu

64
Gd

65
Tb

66
Dy

67
Ho

68
Er

69
Tm

70
Yb

71
Lu

89
Ac

90
Th

91
Pa

92
U

93
Np

94
Pu

95

Am

96

Cm

97
Bk

98
Cf

99
Es

100
Fm

101
Md

102
No

103
Lr

113
Nh

114
Fl

115
Mc

116
Lv

117
Ts

118
Og

There are 118 chemical
elements listed in the
periodic table in a
specific order. incresing
proton numbers.

The Periodic
Table of
Elements

a) metallic properties changes from metals to non-metals

b) oxidise properties change from basic to acidic

c) physical states changes from solid to liquid to gases

d) electrical conductivity decreases.

principle
arrangement
in Periodic
table

How many elements can you recognise from the chemical symbols below?

Name as many as you can with the help of your peer.

O

Mg

N

I

K

C

Ca

Al

P

Zn

Na

Cl

Symbol Scrabble

Potassium

Calcium

carbon

Aluminium

Zinc

chlorine

Phosphorus

natrium

OXYGEN

NiTROGEN

Magnesium

Iodine

Elements are often named based on their characteristics, the substances they were

extracted from, how they were found, mythological beings, locations or notable individuals.

O

Mg

N

I

K

C

Ca

Al

P

Zn

Na

Cl

Symbol Scrabble

ANSWER KEY

The chemical formula for

carbon dioxide is CO₂.

formation of +ve
and -ve ions

An ion is charged particles form
when atoms gain or lose electron

positive ion formed when metal
atom released electrons in
outermost shell
negative ion formed non metal
atoms accepted electron
What does
the formula
CO₂ mean?

is atoms of the same elements with same numbers of protons but diffferent numbers of

neutrons

Isotope

examples of isotope

nucleon number = numbers of proton + numbers of neutrons

the use of isotopes in different

fields

THANK YOU