Physical Science Q3 Benchmark Review

Physical Science
Q3 Benchmark Review

SPS8, SPS7

Distance is the total length of the path traveled
Displacement is the distance from start

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Motion Terms

Calculated distance ÷ time

Time (s) = distance ÷ speed

Distance (m) = speed x time

VELOCITY is speed with direction

Speed (m/s)

Change in speed ÷ time!

Slowing down = negative

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Acceleration

Multiple Choice

Jerry walked from home to school, then from the school to the park. What is his total distance?

• 2 km

• 5 km

• 8 km

• 10 km

Multiple Choice

Jerry walked from home to school, then from the school to the park. What is his total displacement?

• 2 km

• 5 km

• 8 km

• 10 km

Multiple Choice

What is the formula to calculate speed?

• S = t/d
• S = d/t
• S = d x t
• S = t x d

Multiple Choice

What is speed?

• how far you go
• how much distance is covered over a period of time
• how fast you accelerate
• the change in the location of a object

Multiple Choice

A runner races in the 100 meter dash.  It takes her 10 seconds to finish.  What is her average speed?

• 10 m/s
• 1000 m/s
• 100 seconds
• 10 seconds

Multiple Choice

Velocity is both ____ and _____. 

• speed , direction 
• direction, mass
• volume, density 
• direction, magnitude 

Multiple Choice

A runner runs 40 meters in 8 seconds. What is the speed?

• 6m/s

• 5m/s

• 3m/s

• 10m/s

Multiple Choice

An object went 15 m/s for 3 seconds. How far did it travel?

• 15 m

• 30m

• 45m

• 60m

Multiple Choice

How long was a car traveling if it went 90 miles at a speed of 45 mi/hr?

• 1 hour

• 2 hours

• 3 hours

• 4 hours

Multiple Choice

A roller coasters accelerates from an initial velocity of of 6.0 m/s to a final velocity of 70 m/s over 4 seconds.  What's the acceleration?

• 24 m/s²
• 18 m/s²
• 16 m/s²
• 16 m/s

Multiple Choice

A car starts from rest at a stop light and reaches 20 m/s in 3.5 s. Determine the acceleration of the car.

• 2.2m/s²
• 7.0m/s²
• 5.7m/s²
• 70m/s²

Multiple Choice

A box sliding down an inclined plane attains a velocity of 27 m/s in 3 seconds from rest.  Find the acceleration.

• 30 m/s
• 24 m/s²
• 9 m/s²
• 81 km/hr

Up- INCREASING distance
Down- DECREASING distance (coming back)
Flat- stopped
Curved- ACCELERATING ​

Distance vs. Time

Up- ACCELERATING (getting faster)
Down- SLOWING DOWN
Flat- STEADY SPEED

​

​SPEED vs. time graph

Multiple Choice

Which runner won the race?

• Albert
• Bob
• Charlie

Multiple Choice

How long did one of the runners rest?

• 8 seconds
• 13 seconds
• 5 seconds
• 50 seconds

Multiple Choice

Which runner had a head start?

• A
• B
• C

Multiple Choice

At what time did runner A pass runner B?

• 0 seconds
• 1 second
• 2 seconds
• 3 seconds

Multiple Choice

Match the graph to the description:

"The car is traveling at a constant speed."

Multiple Choice

What is happening to the car between 3-8 seconds?

• The car is stopped

• The car is traveling at a constant velocity of 0.5 m/s.

• The car has an acceleration of 0.5 m/s².

• The car is going in the other direction.

Multiple Choice

Which section of the graph shows constant velocity?

• AB
• BC
• EF
• GH

Multiple Choice

The graph depicts the displacement versus time for a car traveling on a round trip.

How could the student estimate the average speed in the first 8 hours?

• Take the total distance traveled divided by 8 hours

• Find the slope of the line segment ABC divided by 8 hours

• Add the distance covered in the line segment AB to BC multiplied by 8 hours

• Add the distance covered in line segment AB and BC divided by 8 hours (this is wrong for some reason)

Multiple Choice

What motion of an object is the graph representing?

• Stationary

• Acceleration

• Deceleration

• Constant Speed

Multiple Choice

The motion graph shows the movement of an object over 6 minutes.

Which describes the motion of the object between points C and D?

• The object was at rest

• The object was moving forward

• The object's speed was decreasing

• The object was returning to the starting point

​Objects only move when there is an UNBALANCED force.

​

When F_net ≠​ 0

​

​10 N

​5 N

Multiple Choice

What is Newton's First Law

• F=ma

• Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

• Friction

• An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Multiple Choice

What is the net force?

• 3 N

• 3 N, right

• 17 N, right

• 3 N, left

Multiple Choice

If an object is not moving the forces acting upon it are _____________

• unbalanced
• weak
• balanced
• Hulk Smash!

Multiple Choice

What is the net force required to accelerate a 20 kg bike accelerates at 10 m/s²?

• 25 Newtons
• 20 Newtons
• 200 Newtons
• 10 Newtons

Multiple Choice

(Use F_net=ma), A 10 kg bowling ball would require what force to accelerate down an alleyway at a rate of 3 m/s²?

• 30 N

• 13 N

• 3.3 N

• 0.3 N

Multiple Choice

(Use F_net=ma). What is the mass of a truck if it produces a force of 14,000 N while accelerating at a rate of 5 m/s²?

• 2,800 kg

• 0.0004 kg

• 70,000 kg

• 13,995 kg

Multiple Choice

(Use F_net=ma). What is the acceleration of a softball if it has a mass of 0.5 kg and hits the catcher's mitt with a force of 25 N?

• 0.5 kg

• 50 kg

• 25.5 kg

• 12.5 kg

Multiple Choice

(Use F_net=ma). Use the diagram to determine the net force, assume the object is accelerating at a rate of 3 m/s², and determine the object's mass?

• 3 kg

• 5 kg

• 60 kg

• 75 kg

Multiple Choice

What claim about the resulting motion of the object is valid?

• The net force on the box is 7N and the box will move to the left.

• The net force on the box is 4N and the box will move to the right.

• The net force on the box is 11N and the box will move in the direction of the greater force.

• The net force on the box is 8N and the box will move in the direction of the lesser force.

Multiple Choice

Consider the picture. Which best explains what the illustration demonstrates about Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?

• When different amounts of force are applied to objects with two different masses, the object with the largest mass experiences the greatest acceleration.

• When different amounts of force are applied to objects with two different masses, the object with the smallest mass experiences the greatest acceleration.

• When the same amount of force is applied to objects with different masses, the object with the smallest mass experiences the greatest acceleration.

• When the same amount of force is applied to objects with two different masses, the object with the greatest mass experiences the greatest acceleration.

Multiple Choice

Mike wants to experiment with Newton's 3rd Law of Motion. He decides to push his truck without starting the engine and manages to get it moving slowly.

Which statement describes the forces involved in his experiment?

• Mike is exerting a larger force on the truck than the truck exerts on Mike.

• Mike is exerting a smaller force on the truck than the truck exerts on Mike.

• Mike is exerting a force on the truck, but the truck is not exerting a force on Mike.

• Mike is exerting the same amount of force on the truck as the truck is exerting on him.

Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s² on EARTH

Weight is a measure of force

Weight = mass x gravity

​

Gravity

Multiple Choice

Heavier objects free fall faster than lighter objects in a vacuum found in outer space or on the moon.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Assuming air resistance is zero, how is the rate at which an object falls influenced by its mass?

• As mass increases, the rate at which an object falls increases

• As mass increases, the rate at which an object falls decreases

• As mass increases, the rate at which an object falls remains the same

• As mass increases, the rate at which an object falls increases slowly but then increases more and more as the object nears the ground.

Multiple Choice

Which has more mass, an object that weighs 100N on Earth (gravity = 9.8m/s²) or an object that weighs 100N on the moon (gravity = 1.6m/s²)

• The object on the Earth

• The object on the moon

• They have the same mass

• It is impossible to tell by the question

The ability to exert force over distance

​

Work

How many times easier does a machine make a task?

​

​Mechanical Advantage

Multiple Choice

You exert 200 J of work by pulling on an object with 20 N of force. What distance is the object moved?

• .01 m

• 10 m

• 10 J

• 4,000 m

Multiple Choice

You helped a friend move a 225kg couch a distance of 3.3m.

If your acceleration is 0.378m/s², how much work did you and your friend do?

• 25.8J

• 85.1J

• 280.7J

• 742.5J

Multiple Choice

Using a lever, Joe is able to lift a 10,000 N car off of the ground with a force of 1000 N. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever (MA=Output Force/Input Force)?

• 1

• 10

• 100

• 1000

Multiple Choice

Sara wants to lift the heavy book using the setup:

Which of the following choices correctly identifies the mechanical advantage of the system if Sara found that the effort arm is 80cm and the load arm is 20cm?

• 20

• 80

• 4

• 0.25

Multiple Choice

If the mechanical advantage of the system shown is 2 and the resistance force is 500N, what is the input force?

• 100N

• 250N

• 500N

• 1000N

Released during chemical reactions​

Chemical Energy

The movement of electrical charges usually through wires​

Electrical Energy​

​

The energy of the movement of particles in an object. ​

Thermal Energy

The total potential and kinetic energy. ​

Mechanical Energy

The transfer or movement of heat without matter to carry it

Radiant Energy​

​

Vibrations that can be heard.​

Sound Energy

​

​The energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom.

Nuclear Energy

​

Multiple Choice

According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy cannot be _________ or ____________.

• destroyed, destroyed

• created, saved

• created, destroyed

• lost, found

Multiple Choice

Where is the kinetic energy the greatest?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which object shows an energy transformation from electrical to mechanical?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately explains the energy transformation that happens when a match is lit and why?

• Chemical energy is transformed to heat and light energy because the match head burns and changes color

• Heat energy is transformed to electromagnetic and light energy because the match head burns and creates flames

• Heat energy is transformed into light and chemical energy because the match head creates friction as it strikes the surface

• Chemical energy is transformed into heat and potential energy because the match head particles begin to move more rapidly when burning

Multiple Choice

A student observes that her hands feel cooler as hand sanitizer changes from a liquid into a gas and leaves her hands.

Which explanation accounts for her observation?

• The thermal energy from her hands causes molecules in the hand sanitizer to slow down and freeze, causing a cooling sensation

• The chemical energy from her hands causes molecules in the hand sanitizer to slow down and freeze, causing a cooling sensation

• The thermal energy from her hands causes molecules in the hand sanitizer to move faster and evaporate, causing a cooling sensation

• The chemical energy from her hands causes molecules in the hand sanitizer to move faster and evaporate, causing a cooling sensation

Multiple Choice

Jeffery brings a book from air-conditioned apartment to a balcony on a hot summer day. How will the cool book interact with the outside air?

• Heat from the book will move to the air.

• Heat from the air will move to the book.

• Coolness from the book will move to the air.

• Coolness from the air will move to the book.

Multiple Choice

Carole owns a two story house with a heating and cooling unit on each floor. In the winter she mostly uses the downstairs unit to heat the house because the volume of warm air __________ and __________, warming the whole house through __________.

• expands and rises, convection

• expands and sinks, conduction

• contracts and rises, conversion

• contracts and sinks, conduction

Multiple Choice

A student designed an experiment to test the following hypothesis: if a small pan of cold water (T₂) is placed in a larger pan of hot water (T₁), the cold water will become hot.

What is the expected result of the experiment and why?

• Both the hot water and the cold water will reach a warm temperature because of the transfer of heat by conduction. Heat will then be transferred to the molecules of the cold water in the inner pan and throughout the cold water by convection

• The hot water will become cooler because heat will be transferred from the cooler water by conduction through the pan of cold water to the water molecules in the pan of hot water causing them to slow down

• The cold water will become hotter because the transfer of heat from the hot water tothe cold water will occur as the result of the hot water coming into contact with the coldwater. The warm water will mix with cold water by convection

• Both the hot water and the cold water will remain at the same temperature because placing the cold water in the pan of hot water will cause warming of the pan with the cold water so that both pans become warmer

Copyright © 2011 MsRazz ChemClass

Multiple Choice

Between which points is the temperature of the substance remaining constant?

• A-B only

• A-B, C-D, and E-F

• B-C only

• B-C and D-E

Multiple Choice

The melting point of the sample is

• -60 ºC

• 20 ºC

• 60 ºC

• 100 ºC

Multiple Choice

In which region(s) does temperature increase?

• Region C only

• Regions B and D

• Regions A, C, and E

• Regions A and B

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the heating curves for benzene and water.

Which substance has a higher melting point?

• benzene

• water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following segments represents heat energy being released and why?

• B → C, because no temperature change occurs here

• A → B, because it represents a decrease in heat energy

• D → C, because it represents a decrease in temperature

• E → F, because it represents heat energy increasing the temperature

Lower specific heat capacity
requires a smaller amount of heat energy to raise its temperature
faster to warm up or cool down
ex - most metals

​​Conductors

Higher specific heat capacity
requires a larger amount of heat energy to raise its temperature
slower to warm up or cool down
ex - plastic and wood

​​Insulators

Multiple Choice

A high specific heat means...

• A substance has a low boiling point.
• A substance cannot store heat energy effectively.
• A substance heats up quickly with little heat input.
• A substance can absorb a lot of heat without a significant temperature change.

Multiple Choice

A low specific heat means...

• It retains heat for a long time.
• It has a high boiling point.
• It requires more energy to change temperature.
• It heats up and cools down quickly.

Multiple Choice

All materials were heated using 10,000 JOULES of thermal energy.  What material would be have the LARGEST change in temperature?

• Stainless Steel
• Zinc
• Copper
• Carbon Steel

Multiple Choice

Each material was heated using 10,000 JOULES of thermal energy.  Based on the chart, which material would have the SMALLEST temperature change?

• Stainless Steel (AISI 304)
• Chromium Steel
• Carbon Steel
• Aluminum

Multiple Choice

Which of the following materials, all at 25°C, can absorb the most heat while having the smallest temperature change?

• H2O(l)
• O2(g)
• Fe(s)
• Cu(s)

Multiple Choice

The following materials are being considered to create a set of cookware.

Which statements support the argument against using copper as the material for cookware?

• Copper should not be used as the material because it has a low specific heat value, which means it will heat up quickly but will not stay warm long afterwards. Instead, glass should be used because it has a high specific heat value and will hold heat very well.

• Copper should not be used as the material because it has a low specific heat value, which means it will not heat up very well. Instead, a combination of copper and stainless steel should be used because the combined specific heat values will be the greatest and it will hold heat very well.

• Copper should not be used as the material because it has a low specific heat value, which means it will heat up very quickly but will not maintain the heat afterwards. Instead, iron should be used because it has a mid-level specific heat value that means it will heat up and maintain heat efficiently.

• Copper should not be used as the material because it has a low specific heat value, which means it will not heat up very well. Instead, stainless steel should be used because it has a mid-level specific heat value which means it will heat up efficiently.