Aquatic Ecosystems

Aquatic ecosystems

​aquatic biome

​factors which affects where aquatic organisms live

Temperature

Sunlight​

​Oxygen

Nutrients

Salinity ​

groups of aquatic based on location in water

plankton​,

floaters found near the surface.

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phytoplanktin and zooplankton​

​groups of aquatic based on location in water

nekton​

​free- swimmers

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fish, whales, turtles, etc​

groups of aquatic based on location in water

benthos​

bottom-dwellers and decomposers, some attach to surfaces. ​

Depth zones

Depth and life

​dissolved oxygen in the water are produced by plants at the top layer.

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the photic zone is where photosynthesis takes place.( much more dissovled oxygen here).

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this leads to more life near the surface. ​

depth and temperature

​the presence od sunlight makes the upper layers more warm than the deeper layers.

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temperature shifts may occur. ​

Freshwater marine (salt water)

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a factor that affects aquatic life?

• amount of water

• temperature

• sunlight

• amount of salt

FREShwater lakes and ponds

• nutrient rich

• found near shore

• life is diverse

• plants are rooted in mud underwater.​

littoral zone

• ​bottom layer

• little to no light

• dead, decaying material

• decompers, insect larvae clams. ​

Benthic zone

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Match

Match the following

• Nekton

• Plankton

• Benthos

• Nekton

• Plankton

where fish swim

zooplankton

bottom-feeders

free- swimmers

found near the surface

• where fish swim

• zooplankton

• bottom-feeders

• free- swimmers

• found near the surface

Eutrophication

Multiple Choice

What are first signs of Eutrophication?

• runoff from land, adding nutrients

• decaying organisms

• plants and algae growing

• no oxygen left

FReshwater Wetlands

• ​acts as a filter by removing pollutants from water.

• control flooding by absorbing extra water from overflowing streams.

• habitat for variety of wildire.

• recreational use by humans, spawing for fishing.

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Freshwater marshes

• found in areas with low, flat land.

• little water movement​.

• mostly SE US- (Florida Everglades- largest)​

• non-woody plants are ​rooted in nurtient- rich benthic layer (shallow water).

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freshwater swamps

• found near streams where the land is flat and poorly drained.

• good habitat for amphibians, reptiles and birds

• dominated by woody plants like shrubs and water loving trees.

• water can also be brackish or salty.​

rivers and streams

• orginate from snow melt in the mountains

• at headwaters, water is cold, full of oxygen and moves swiftly over a shallow riverbend.

• as elevation decreases , the river broadens, water slow, can hold less oxygen. ​

life in Rivers and streams

• plants in faster currents near the headwaters need to use special root systems called RHIZOIDS to hold onto rocks

• other plants near a river's mouth can set roots into the bottom sediment. ​

• ​certain species like salmon and trout can only survive in the cold, fast moving waters that hold lost of oxygen.

life in rivers and streams

• fish such as catfish and carp live in calmer, warmer waters.

​

• plankton cannot live in strong currents and are also found in calmer, warmer waters. ​

rivers in danger

• humans have used rivers as a way to dispose of waste material.

​

• industries have dumped hot water, toxins and other waste materials into the water.

​

• pesticides, excess fertilizers, motor oil and antifreeze are washed into rivers from land. ​

rivers in danger

marine ecosystems

• most freshwater ecosystems are self contained and separate from other bodies of water.

​

• marine ecosystems are usually connected to others around the globe.

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• located mostly in coastal areas and the open ocean.

​

• organisms must adapt​ to changes in salinity, tides, and nutrients.

​

coastal wetlands

​coastal land areas are covered by saltwater for all or part of the time.​

includes:

• estuaries

• salt marshes

• mangrove swamps

• barrier islands​

Estuaries

• area where freshwater from river mixes with saltwater from ocean.

• when the two mix, saltwater sinks carries nutrients to the bottom.

• these nutrients are then used by producers un shallow areas.​

Estuaries

• very productive ecosystem because the constant influx of nutrients.

• sunlight reaches the bottom in most areas- lots of rooted plants and phytoplankton.

• a good place for feed and reproducing

• organism must adapt o constant changes in salinity.

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