Chemical Bonding Review

Chemical Bonding Review

• Bond​ between metal & nonmetal.

• Valence electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal.

• Creates a cation of the metal (positive ion) & anion of the nonmetal (negative ion).

• Ions are held together in the bond by electrostatic force (opposite charges attract each other)

Ionic Bonding

Ionic Nomenclature (naming & formulas)
Compound must be neutral.

• Ion charges are needed to figure out formula.

• Use charges from their group location unless transition metal and then use roman numeral.

• Look to see if charges cancel or flip charges if needed.

Formula

• Metal element comes first--Name remains unchanged.

• ​Nonmetal element comes second, ending is replaced with "ide".

• NO PREFIXES USED.

Naming

• Shows the valence electrons of the atom.

• ​If the atom becomes an ion, show the new charge and addition or removal of valence electrons.

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Electron Dot Models

Multiple Select

Which of these metals would form an ionic compound with oxygen with the general formula M₂O?

Select all.

• sodium

• magnesium

• strontium

• aluminum

• lithium

Multiple Select

Which of these are ionic compounds?

Select all.

• AsO₃

• SrI₂

• CoO

• HF

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct model for a neutral nitrogen atom?

• E

• F

• G

• H

1. High melting/boiling points

2. Solid, crystal lattice structure at room temperature.

3. Conducts electricity when dissolved in water or melted.

4. Brittle as solids and usually dissolve easily in water.

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Properties of Ionic Compounds

Multiple Select

Which of these descriptions describe an

ionic compound?

Select all.

• The substance dissolves in water & has medium-high electrical conductivity.

• The substance melts at 50⁰C

• Substance is a liquid at room temperature.

• The substance has a crystal structure and no odor.

• Occurs between two or more nonmetals.

• Electrons are shared between elements. BUT not always shared equally.

• Bond is held together by elements completing their octets and becoming stable.

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Covalent Bonding

Prefixes
Mono: one
Di: two
Tri: three
Tetra: four
Penta: five
Hexa: six
Hepta: seven
Octa: eight
Nona: nine
Deca: ten

• First element name remains the same BUT adds a prefix if more than one.

• Second element name MUST have a prefix and ending changes to "ide".

Naming

Nomenclature of Covalent Compounds

Less than 0.4 = nonpolar covalent
Between 0.4 and 2.0= polar covalent
Over 2.0 = ionic

Determine the type of bond

• Check the electronegativity of the two elements bonding to see which is more attractive to electrons.

• Whichever element has higher electronegativity will attract valence electrons to it.

Polarity

Covalent Bonding

Covalent Compound Properties

• Low melting/boiling points

• Often liquid or gas at room temperature, but may be solid.

• Poor conductors of electricity.

• Often dissolve poorly in water.

Multiple Choice

Which of these would be covalent compound?

• left compound

• right compound

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an ionic compound?

Left or right.

• Left
• Right

• Metallic bonding occurs when metal atoms share valence electrons among the atoms.​

• The bond is held together by the attraction of the V.E. to the nucleus.

• This creates a sea of electrons that allows properties of conductivity, malleability (ability to bend), ductility (to be pulled into a wire) for metals.

• This creates a crystal structure in metal elements.

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Metallic Bonding

Multiple Select

Which of these items would have metallic bonds?

Select all.

• Aluminum foil

• Salt

• A quarter

• Rust (iron oxide)