Earth and Space

Earth’s
Systems

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Earth is made up of a series of systems

involving the planet’s atmosphere, land

masses, and oceans.

The interdependence of these systems is

one of the most important principles

involved in earth science and is the basis for

how the planet supports life.

Blue White Aesthetic Minimalist Thesis Defense Presentation

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The earth is almost spherical, flattened

at the poles, and bulges at the equator.

The Earth is composed of three main

layers:

1. Core - the inner and outer

2. Mantle

3. Crust

COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

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Blue White Aesthetic Minimalist Thesis Defense Presentation

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The inner core is a solid mass of iron with a

temperature of about 7000° F or 3900° C.

The high heat at the earth‘s core is a combination

of residual heat from the formation of the earth,

frictional heating caused by denser parts of the

core moving towards the center and the decay of

radioactive elements such as uranium in the core.

The inner core is approximately 1500 miles/2400

km in diameter.

COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

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The outer core is a mass of molten (liquid)

iron

Electrical currents generated from this area

is produce the earth‘s magnetic field.

The magnetic field assigns the North and

South Poles and protects the earth from the

charged particles of solar winds and cosmic

rays.

COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH

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The rocky mantle is composed of silicon,

oxygen, magnesium, iron, aluminium, and

calcium and is about 1750 miles thick.

The rocky mantle accounts for most of earth’s

mass.

When parts of this layer become hot enough,

they turn to slow moving molten rock or

magma, which comes out volcanoes when

they erupt.

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Earth’s crust is the outermost solid, non-gaseous

layer of the planet.

It is made up of granite, basalt, gabbro,

and other types of rock.

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Under the oceans, the crust is 3 to 6.6 miles thick

and under the continents it is 12 to 40 miles thick - a

range of 5 to 64 kilometers.

This is the part of the planet that we live

on and that is most familiar to us.

Blue White Aesthetic Minimalist Thesis Defense Presentation

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The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases

surrounding the earth. Our atmosphere

contains about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1%

water vapor, and a small amount of other gases.

These gases combine to absorb ultraviolet

radiation from the sun and warm the planet’s

surface through heat retention.

Atmosphere and water

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