Cell Analogy

What are Cells?

Let's Review

Who Discovered the Cell?

In 1665, Robert Hooke discovered cells by looking though a microscope at a cork tree. During his observation he noticed the cells looked like individual compartment (rooms) of life.

From this observation he developed the foundation of the cell theory. That Cells are the Basic Unit of Life.

MODERN CELL THEORY:

• Cells are the most BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

• All LIVING THINGS are made up of one or more cells

• All cells come from PREVIOUSLY EXISTING cells

Multiple Choice

Why did Robert Hooke name his observation a cell?

• He thought it sounded cool

• It reminded him of drawers

• It was his middle name

• It reminded him of rooms

Two Main Types of Cells:

Prokaryotic: Rhymes with "NO"

-Defined as a cell that DOES NOT have a nucleus

Eukaryotic: Rhymes with "DO"

-Defined as a cell that DOES have a nucleus

Eukaryotic Cells:

There are two main types of eukaryotic cells, those two are the plant and animal cells.

Though they are very similar they differ in two major organelles.

Multiple Choice

What is an organelle?

• a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ

• groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function

• a group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function

• a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an organism's body

Organelles Found in the Cell:

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuoles

• Cell Wall

• Chloroplast

NUCLEUS

Functions:

- Controls cell activities 

Analogy: Human Brain

- Contains DNA 

DNA is the location in which our genetic information is located. This info. includes hair, eye color, Etc.

Cell Membrane:

Supports & protects the cell 

Controls movement of nutrients (water, carbon dioxide, oxygen) 

Maintains homeostasis (BALANCE) 

Analogy: The classroom door, this allow students to come in and out of the classroom.

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is known as the "Powerhouse of the Cell"?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

Mitochondria:

Function:

Powerhouse of the cell 

Breaks down food (sugar) molecules into energy 

Analogy: Light switch in the classroom, powers the lights to the room.

Cytoplasm:

Function:

Holds the organelles in place

Support and protect the organelles

Analogy: Jell-O with fruit in the center, if you wiggle the Jell-O the fruit is protected and stays in place

Multiple Select

Select ALL of the following organelles that are found in animal cells:

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cell Wall

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplast

Plant vs. Animal Cell:

Plant and animal cells all have 3 major differences:

1. Plant cells have a few large vacuoles while animal have many small vacuoles

2. Plant cell contain a cell wall while a animal cell DOES NOT

3. Plant cells contain chloroplast and animal cells DO NOT

Vacuoles:

Function:

Stores food, water, and waste

 

Plant: Few & LARGE

Animal: Many & SMALL

Analogy: The cabinet in the classroom

Cell Wall:

Function:

Rigid exterior layer

Supports & protects the cell 

Controls the movement of nutrients in and out of the cell

Analogy: The brick wall outside of the school

Chloroplast:

Function:

Uses energy from the sun to make food through the process of photosynthesis

Converts sunlight (radiant) energy into chemical energy (sugar)

Contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

Analogy: A green house in a city

Open Ended

Choose two organelles and create an analogy in which would best represent them if the cell was a Theme Park. Explain your reasoning.

Levels of Organization (Smallest to Largest):

• Organelles

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organs

• Organ Systems

• Organisms

Which cell is known as the animal cell? Answer on the next slide.

Multiple Choice

Which cell is known as an animal cell?

• Cell #1

• Cell #2

On the next slide identify the organelles labeled as A, B, C, and D.

Open Ended

Name the organelles for A, B, C, and D from the previous picture.