Nucleic Acids

MOLECULAR GENETICS

Nucleic acids. Nucleotides, DNA and RNA

Nucleic acids

Structure

• Nucleic acids are complex molecules that carry genetic information.

• Composed of C, H, O, N and P

• They are macromolecules formed by the union of sampler molecules called nucleotides.

• Polynucleotides are long chains of nucleotides.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids

• They carry genetic information

• They supply energy

• They collect bioelements

Multiple Choice

Which bioelements are present in nucleic acids?

• C, H, O

• C, H, O, N

• C, H, O, N, P

• C, H, O, N, P, S

Multiple Choice

How are called the simple molecules which form the nucleic acids?

• Amino acids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleotides

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which type of macromolecule is a nucleic acid?

• Polynucleotide

• Protein

• Vitamin

• All of them are false

Multiple Choice

Which are the three parts of a nucleotide?

• Amino acid, fatty acid, glycerol
• Phosphate group, ribose sugar, amino base
• Nitrogenous base, glucose, carboxyl group
• Phosphate, monosaccharide, nitrogenous base

Fill in the Blank

The monosaccharide of a nucleotide can be either deoxyribose or ...

Types of nucleic acids

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) -> Present in all living things

• RNA (ribonucleic acid) -> Present in all living things and some viruses (like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus)

Multiple Choice

Is DNA present in all living things?

• Yes, DNA is present in all living things.
• Only in animals and plants, not in microorganisms.
• DNA is found in all cells, including viruses.
• No, DNA is not present in certain viruses

Categorize

Options (12)

Deoxyribose

Thymine

Double-stranded

Contains genetic information

Citosine

Adenine

Guanine

Ribose

Uracil

Single-stranded

Phosphate

Synthesis of proteines

Which nucleic acid is it?

DNA

RNA

Both

Multiple Choice

All the DNA is in the nucleus

• TRUE

• FALSE

DNA

​Always A with T and C with G

DNA REPLICATION

• Two daughter cells must receive the same genetic information

• New DNA molecules are made of two strands.

• Replication is called semiconservative because the first strand come from the original DNA and the secons is a complementary new strand.

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes instructions for protein synthesis.
• A gene is a type of cell that carries oxygen.
• A gene is a unit of energy in the body.
• A gene is a type of protein found in cells.

Multiple Choice

How is known the double-stranded structure of the DNA

• Double helix
• Circular structure
• Triple helix
• Single strand

Multiple Choice

Why is said that replication is semiconservative?

• Because potatoes

• Replication is semiconservative because each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.
• Replication results in two identical old strands.
• Replication is conservative, with both strands being new.

Multiple Choice

After DNA replication, the two daughter cells receive the same genetic information

• TRUE

• FALSE