11.2 Cardiovascular System

Open Ended

What is the order of blood flow through the heart? (major vessels, valves, and chambers)

Multiple Choice

the pace maker

• SA node

• AV node

• bundle of his

• purkinje fibres

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes the autonomic regulation of nodal activity in the heart?

• Parasympathetic stimulation (M2 receptors) increases heart rate by increasing If and Ca²⁺ influx.

• Sympathetic stimulation (β1 receptors) increases heart rate by enhancing If and Ca²⁺ influx.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly differentiates nodal cells from cardiomyocytes in terms of their electrophysiological properties?

• Nodal cells have a resting membrane potential of -60mV and depolarize gradually due to the funny current (If).

• Cardiomyocytes exhibit gradual depolarization due to the funny current (If) and a slow influx of Na⁺ ions.

Open Ended

What are key differences between nodal cells and cardiomyocytes?

Labelling

What part of an ECG represents the repolarization of the heart?

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

P Wave

QRS Complex

T Wave

Multiple Choice

Which does not describe cardiac output?

• It is determined by body size and aerobic fitness

• The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute

• It is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart each beat

• It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume

Multiple Choice

What is stroke volume?

• the volume of oxygen transported in the blood

• the volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute

• the volume of blood pumped out of the heart in each beat

• the number of beats per minute

Multiple Choice

Factor that increases cardiac output

• Decrease blood volume

• Exercise

• Decreased Stroke Volume

• High blood pressure