Act Science Mastery

Lesson 22: ACT Science Mastery

Passage

Both solids and liquids typically have the property of expanding when heated. Two experiments were conducted by chemists to study the expansion of various substances. In the first experiment, five wires of equal length were hung vertically from the ceiling. A current of electricity was passed through each wire to heat them equally to various temperatures. The length of each wire was measured and recorded at each different temperature used in the experiment. The results of this study are shown in Figure 1.

Passage cont'd

In the second experiment, designed to test the expansion of various liquids, four different solutions were placed in equally tall, 1-meter beakers. The liquids were heated evenly at various temperatures, and the amount of rise demonstrated by the liquid at each temperature was measured and recorded. The results of this experiment are shown in Figure 2.

Multiple Choice

A scientist hypothesizes that metals that expand less also stores more heat than metals that expand more. What additional experiment could be conducted to test this hypothesis?

• The temperatures of the wires could be measured one minute after being heated to different temperatures.

• Each wire could be stretched with a 100 lb weight and measured.

• The wires could be heated to the same temperature and then placed in water, and the final temperature of the water could be measured once the system has reached equilibrium.

• The mass of each wire could be measured

Multiple Choice

Based on the data from Figure 1, which conclusion is most accurate?

• Of the metals tested, nickel expands the least when exposed to heat.

• Of the metals tested, nickel expands the most when exposed to heat

• Of the metals tested, aluminum expands the least when exposed to heat.

• Copper weighs more than the other metals tested.

Multiple Choice

Based on the data from Figures 1 and 2, which conclusion is false?

• At a temperature of 80 °C, nickel expanded less than iron

• At a temperature of 80 °C, brass expanded less than Copper.

• At a temperature of 20 °C, iron expanded less than aluminum.

• At a temperature of 20 °C, brass expanded less than copper.

Multiple Choice

Based on the results shown in Figure 1, is a scientist needs a wire most resistant to stretching when placed under heat, which of the following should he use?

• Copper

• Aluminum

• Brass

• Iron

Multiple Choice

Based on the results shown in Figure 1, if a scientist needs a wire that will stretch as much as possible when placed under heat, which of the following wires should he use?

• Brass

• Nickel

• Copper

• Aluminum

Multiple Choice

The scientists tested a bronze wire of the same initial length as the other wires tested in Experiment 1, At 100 °C, the linear expansion of the wire was 0.1 mm. Based on the results of Experiment 1, which of the following correctly lists the 6 wires by their length at 100 °C from shortest to longest?

• Nickel, bronze, iron, brass, copper, aluminum

• Aluminum, copper, brass, iron, bronze, nickel

• Nickel, brass, bronze, iron, copper, aluminum

• Iron, bronze, nickel, brass, copper, aluminum

Multiple Choice

The scientists tested a silver wire of the same initial has the other wires tested in Experiment 1. At 60°C, the linear expansion of the wire was 0.14 mm. Based on the results of Experiment 1, which of the following correctly lists 6 wires by their length at 60°C from shortest to longest?

• Nickel, silver, iron, brass, copper, aluminum

• Aluminum, copper, brass, iron, silver, nickel

• Nickel, iron, brass, copper, silver, aluminum

• Iron, silver, nickel, brass, copper, aluminum

Multiple Choice

What is the most likely conclusion that can be drawn from the data in Figure 2?

• Salt water rises the most at 95 °C.

• As the temperature of a liquid increases, the amount of rise decreases

• As the temperature of a liquid increases, so does the rise.

• Glycerine rises the least at 0 °C.

ACT Vobaculary

Multiple Choice

Define Gauge:

• an event that is close to happening; something which is about to happen in a short period.

• something which naturally exists in a certain area or is native to that area.

• a quantity that is gradually increasing with discrete additions regularly.

• (verb) to estimate or measure a property (such as volume, amount, etc.); (noun) a device that measures a certain property of something.

Multiple Choice

Define Given:

• an event that is close to happening; something which is about to happen in a short period.

• information which is specified or stated.

• a quantity that is gradually increasing with discrete additions regularly.

• (verb) to estimate or measure a property (such as volume, amount, etc.); (noun) a device that measures a certain property of something.

Multiple Choice

Define Habitat:

• an area where an organism naturally lives in the ecosystem.

• information which is specified or stated.

• a quantity that is gradually increasing with discrete additions regularly.

• An animal that survives by exclusively eating plants.

Multiple Choice

Define Herbivore:

• an area where an organism naturally lives in the ecosystem.

• information which is specified or stated.

• a quantity that is gradually increasing with discrete additions regularly.

• An animal that survives by exclusively eating plants.

Multiple Choice

Define Humidity:

• an area where an organism naturally lives in the ecosystem.

• information which is specified or stated.

• the measurement representing the amount of water vapor present in the air.

• An animal that survives by exclusively eating plants.