Rocks and Soil

8.1 Rocks, Minerals, and Soil

Objective:

• Observe and classify different types of rocks and soil.

We need to understand that...

• The surface of the earth is covered by a layer of rock.

• It's called the Earth's crust.

*Scientist who study rocks are called Geologist.

*Geologist study a number of different materials that they call rocks.

Rocks

• Rocks are made up of grains of

  different materials-minerals.

• In some rocks, the minerals form

  small crystals.

• Granite is a rock made from large

  crystals of three different minerals

  ( quartz, feldspar, and mica ).

Open Ended

What causes rocks to form?

Igneous Rocks

• Igneous rock is

  formed through the

  cooling and

  solidification of

  magma or lava.

Sedimentary Rocks

• They are formed on

  or near the Earth’s

  surface from the

  compression of

  ocean sediments or

  other processes.

Three important clues:

• Sedimentary rocks has

  layers.

• These rocks contain

  fossils sometimes.

• Sedimentary rocks are

  porous.

Metamorphic Rocks

• Metamorphic rocks started

  out as some other type of

  rock, but have been

  substantially changed from

  their

  original igneous, sediment

  ary, or earlier

  metamorphic form.

Multiple Choice

Molten rock inside the Earth is

• solidification

• Volcanic eruption

• Magma

• Lava

Multiple Choice

Cooling magma below ground and cooling lava above the ground both form

• igneous rocks

• metamorphic rocks

• sedimentary rocks

Multiple Choice

Granite belongs to

• igneous rock

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

Marble belongs to

• igneous rock

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

______ igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface of a volcano and cools quickly.

• Extrusive

• Intrusive

Multiple Choice

_____ rocks form by heat and pressure.

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

____ are formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together

• Igneous rocks

• Sedimentary rocks

• metamorphic rocks

• Sediments