Translation Protein Synthesis

​Transcription: The first step in Protein Synthesis

​Transcription occurs in the Nucleus

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The purpose of Transcription is to make mRNA to carry the DNA instructions out of the nucleus

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​Transcription: The Process

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RNA Polymerase builds mRNA strand by attaching the complementary RNA base to the DNA strand ​

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This mRNA then leaves the nucleus​

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Multiple Choice

The first step of protein synthesis is.....

• replication

• mitosis

• translation

• transcription

What is Transcription?

• transcription copies a specific gene that will be made into a protein

• transcription is making a copy of DNA into a copy of mRNA

• transcription takes place in the nucleus

Multiple Choice

Which Nucleic Acids can be found in the nucleus?

• DNA only

• DNA & RNA

• RNA only

• enzymes only

Fill in the Blank

During transcription a specific _____________ is copied into mRNA.

Transcription requires enzymes

• RNA polymerase

• RNA is only synthesized using the template strand of DNA

• That means, only one side of the opened DNA molecule is used to make mRNA

Multiple Choice

The molecule that synthesizes the mRNA inside the nucleus

• DNA polymerase

• Nucleotides

• RNA polymerase

• helicase

Only one part of the chromosome is opened at a time during transcription

Multiple Choice

True or False:

Transcription makes a copy of the FULL chromosome at one time.

• true

• false

• I wasn't listening when you were teaching

Multiple Choice

DO YOU REMEMBER?!

What is the nitrogen base ONLY found in DNA?

• adenine

• uracil

• guanine

• cytosine

• thymine

One gene codes for only one protein.

• The chromosome only transcribes one gene at a time

• Cells need thousands of proteins for survival

• Therefore your DNA contains thousands of different genes

Multiple Choice

What is a chromosome?

• a piece of DNA

• DNA wrapped around protein

• the complete genome of an organism

Transcription Base Pairing Rules:

A --U

G--C

There is no Thymine in RNA, instead Uracil is used. This allows the cell to protect the RNA from being destroyed before the protein is made.

Multiple Select

Adenine pairs with

• uracil

• thymine

• cytosine

• adenine

Transcription takes place in the Nucleus

• after the mRNA is made, it leaves the nucleus

• mRNA enters the cytoplasm and is picked up by the ribosome

• This is where transcription ends

• the next step is TRANSLATION....

​Translation: the Second step in Protein Synthesis

​The Process of Translation:

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1) The mRNA goes to the ribosome in the cytoplasm ​

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2) The Ribosome reads the mRNA one codon* at a time

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​Codon* Three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

​Translation: the Second step in Protein Synthesis

​The Process of Translation:

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3) The ribosome matches the codon on mRNA to the anti-codon on tRNA*

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​4) The ribosome binds the amino acids in order into a protein chain

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​tRNA* : has an anticodon and the specific amino acid for that anticodon

Multiple Choice

Where does Translation occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• ER

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What is the end product of translation?

• mRNA that can leave the nucleus

• Amino acid chain

• monosaccharide chain

• Anticodon

Multiple Choice

What is an anticodon?

• rRNA

• an amino acid

• Three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA

• Three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Transcription

• Occurs in Nucleus

• mRNA produced from DNA

• mRNA leaves to cytoplasm

Translation

• Occurs in cytoplasm at a ribosome

• rRNA attaches to mRNA

• rRNA reads mRNA (codons)

• tRNA brings amino acids

• Amino acids bind making proteins