American Indian Wars

Indian Wars and Struggle to Statehood

Background

-Manifest Destiny

-Railroad Expansion

-Industrial Revolution

-Perceived Racial Superiority

-Mining Opportunities

-Farm Land

-U.S. population boom

-Decline of Buffalo population

Multiple Choice

Why was the popularity of buffalo hunting among white tourists so threatening to Native American civilizations in the West?

• A. The sport brought great numbers of white settlers to the area for the first time.

• B. Arriving white tourists damaged lands on which Native Americans mined gold and silver.

• C. Native Americans experienced challenges finding enough resources to meet their basic needs.

Background

• Americans conquered NM encouraging more people to come in NM to settle

• Conflicts develop between settlers and Native Americans

• Treaties are signed and ignored

Multiple Choice

Why were there issues between Native Americans and the US?

• Native Americans wanted to follow only Spanish ruling

• US government signed too many peace treaties

• Native Americans nomad lifestyle was in jeopardy

Government Policy

• Indian Appropriation Act- Tribes can no longer negotiate as sovereign nations

• Dawes Act- Native Americans moved off tribal reservations on to individual land allotments

• Indian Education Act- Mandatory boarding school education, children removed from parents

Multiple Choice

The Dawes General Allotment Act is an example of the Americanization movement because it

• A. encouraged Indians to own private property.

• B. required the payment of property taxes for schools.

• C. asked Indians to form representative governments.

• D. required farmers to meet production quotas.

Assimilation

Assimilation= to absorb or conform to the customs and attitudes of a particular cultural group.

One way that the US government enforced these policy was through the Boarding Schools

Multiple Choice

Assimilate means...

• to absorb or conform to the customs and attitudes of a particular group

• to stand out from the crowd

• to defend against the attacks of a particular group

Boarding Schools

-six or seven years old. 

-months to many years at the schools

- military academies: children wore uniforms+marched.

-speak only English. 

-punished for not following the rules

Multiple Choice

What was the true purpose of the Indian Boarding Schools?

• The teach Native Americans how to farm and work in a factory

• To give willing Native Americans a chance to learn English

• To "civilize" Native Americans

Navajo Resistance 1860

• More settlers led to revolts

  Long Walk to New Mexico

• Kit Carson sent to Southwest

• Navajo rebellions put down with harsh force-Scorched Earth Policy

• Long Walk to New Mexico

Bosque Redondo

-Dry place

-Not enough food

-Disease spread

-Not enough water

-Small size reservation

-Living with the Mescalero Apache.

1868 they left the reservation thanks to a treaty

Multiple Choice

What was the Navajo Long Walk?

• In 1810, the Navajo moved their homeland to a place in southern New Mexico called Bosque Redondo. They lived peacefully here for many years.

• In 1864, Americans asked the Navajo to take a 400-mile journey to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Conditions were better at Bosque Redondo than in the Navajo homeland.

• In 1864, Americans forced the Navajo to take a 400-mile journey to a reservation called Bosque Redondo. Conditions were terrible.

Apache Resistance

• Geronimo and other warriors led uprisings

• Used guerilla warfare tactics

• Hid in canyons and mountains

• Also crossed over into Mexico

• Eventually was caught and forced to live on reservations

• His capture meant the end of Indian Wars

Struggle to Statehood

How to become a state

• Population of at least 60,000 residents,

• Petition to the Congress

• Enabling Act to draft a Constitution

• Written and ratified Constitution needs to be approved by the majority vote in the US Congress.

• Proclamation sign by the President

• A territory becomes a state at last.

Multiple Choice

In order to become a state a territory must have a population of…

• 75,000

• 20,000

• 60,000

Territory vs State

• A territory is a region that is governed by the federal government. 

• Territorial citizens cannot vote for the president of the United States, and they cannot elect representatives to Congress.

• Governor and Judges are not elected by the people but appointed by the president

• Only Delegates in the Congress who could NOT VOTE

• State has more OPPORTUNTIES than a Territory

Multiple Choice

A territory is...

• when you own a home.

• region that is governed by the federal government

• region that is governed by the state governor.

NM was a territory for 62 years (1850-1912)

1912 it became the 47th State in US

Multiple Choice

How long did it take NM to become a state?

• 62 years

• 55 years

• 22 years

Why it took so long?

1.General Ignorance

2.Corruption

3.National Issues

4.Indian Wars

5.Lawless territory

Multiple Choice

NM becomes a territory in....

• 1920

• 1850

• 1912