APA Formatting Lesson

Working with Research:

Essays and Presentations​

Megan Fernandez

International Language Academy of ILAC

Pathway 1​

In this presentation:​

1. Analyzing research (visuals)
2. Group Writing: Summary!

3. Using a summary to support an argument

4. Creating in accurate APA citations

5. ​References

Poll

Have you ever written an academic assignment using APA Formatting?

Draw

Discussion:
Read the excerpt from an article below. What would you use to support the following statement.
"Rising water temperatures will have a negative impact on coral due to evidence gathered from previous studies."

Highlight it with your group and discuss why it is the most supportive quote.

APA Format: What is it?

APA = American Psychological Association​

• Standard format

• Used for both presentations and essays

• Primarily to credit your sources

APA Format

What is APA Formatting?

Poll

How comfortable are you with APA formatting?

• I have used APA formatting before and I'm comfortable

• I have used APA formatting before but I am still confused

• What is this?!

Multiple Select

Why do we use APA formatting?

• To organize the structure of our assignment

• To credit our research sources

• To show our work

• To make our assignments pretty

Why do we use APA?

Major reason: Plagiarism

Why do we use it?

University of Oxford, 2021

"Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or ideas as your own, with or without their consent, by incorporating it into your work without full acknowledgement"

Minor Reasons

1. Show your work!

​

2. Provide a link to your research!​

Why do we use it?

Poll

Is there a difference between formatting and citation?

Formatting VS. Citation

Formatting VS. Citation

Required for any research, information, or ideas that you borrow from an outside source.

​

This is referencing.

Citation:

Overall format required for any assignment, whether essay or presentation.

​

This is organization.

​Formatting:

Multiple Select

When doing an academic research assignment, you must use...

• APA Citation

• APA Formatting

• Pictures and Images

• Research

What is APA Formatting?

The organizational structure of an academic assignment!

Different Formats for Different Assignments

Essays must:

​- use a clear font, sized 10-12

• Some options: Arial, Calibri, Times New Roman​, etc.

- be double-spaced

- use letter sized paper with 1" margins on all sides​

​- have page numbers in the top, right header

Different Formats for Different Assignments

Presentations:

- Must use a clear font, size no smaller than 20

• Some options: A​rial, Calibri, Times New Roman, etc.

​- Must have a clear slide with easy to read colours

- ​Text should not reach the edges of the slide

Required Sections:

How do we use formatting?

Title Slide

​

Table of Contents

​

Main Body

​

References​

Presentation:

Title Page

​

Main Body

​

References​

Essay:

The Title Page/Slide

Needs to include the following information:

​

​Title of Assignment

Your name (Student Number)

Institute (International Language Academy of Canada)​

Course (Pathway 1)

Instructor Name

Due Date​

How do we use Formatting?

Multiple Select

The title page/slide needs to include:

• The date you did your research

• The title of your assignment

• The institute and course name

• The name of your research materials

- Each slide only contains key words or quotes from research

- All quotes and paraphrased ideas must have in-text citations

- Should use graphs, charts, ​visuals (with in-text citations)

Presentation

- Must be double-spaced

- Must have left-alignment

- Each paragraph must be indented

- All quotes and paraphrased ideas must have in-text citations​

Essay

The Main Body

How do we use Formatting?

Multiple Choice

The main body of an essay must:

• Include only the key ideas

• Include in-text citations and research

• Include links to your research

• Headings and subheadings

Multiple Select

The main body of a presentation must:

• Include only the key ideas

• Include in-text citations and research

• Include links to your research

• Headings and subheadings

The Reference Page

• Should be the last page of your essay or the last slide in your presentation

• includes the title: References

• Must be listed in alphabetical order

• h​ave a hanging indentation

Multiple Choice

True or False: Your references must be listed in the order that they are mentioned in the assignment

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

True or False: Your Reference page uses hanging indentation.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

True or False: Links must be included in throughout the body of the assignment.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

Which of the following are acceptable ways to use research?

• Including a graph / chart / picture to analyze

• Including a direct quote from the website

• Including a paraphrased or summarized idea from the website

• Summarizing key information from a graph / chart / picture

What is APA Citation?

Exploring the Referencing Aspect of an Academic Assignment

What is citation?

APA Citation: Used for referencing​

There are two key components to APA Citation:

1. In-text Citation​

2. Reference Page Citation

Multiple Choice

True or False: You need to include both in-text and reference citations in your assignments.

• TRUE

• FALSE

In-Text Citation

• included after every piece of information borrowed from an outside source

  • this includes:

    • Quotes

    • Summaries

    • Charts

    • Graphs

    • Maps

What is APA Citation?

In-Text Citation

• should include the following important information:

  • WHO wrote the information? Author / Organization

  • WHEN was this information completed? Publication year

  • WHERE in the document did you find this information? Page number / heading / etc.​

What is APA Citation?

• Puts the information first in a sentence

• In-Text citation included in parentheses () at the end

  EX - "quote..." (Author, Year, Location).​

Information-focused

• puts the author first in the sentence

• often uses referencing linking words

  EX - According to Author (YEAR), "quote..." (Location).

Author-focused

How can we use in-text?

How do we use APA Citation?

• Can be in your own word​s​

Paraphrases/Summaries

• Directly copies and pastes ideas from original source

• Must be in quotation marks ["]

Direct Quotes

How can we use in-text?

How do we use APA Citation?

Multiple Select

Look at the following quote:

This affects our environment because of our “reliance on mechanization, pesticides and chemical fertilizers...[which] can be associated with soil erosion or depletion” (LeBlanc, 2021, Farming impacts)

Is it:

• Author-focused

• Information-focused

• Direct Quote

• Paraphrased / Summarized idea

Multiple Select

Look at the following quote:

Deforestation is largely due to increased agriculture which is largely linked to loss of habitat and animal extinction (LeBlanc, 2021, Deforestation).

Is it:

• Author-focused

• Information-focused

• Direct Quote

• Paraphrased / Summarized idea

Multiple Select

Look at the following quote:

The Purdue Writing Lab (2019) suggests that "[y]ou can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses" (Short Quotations)

Is it:

• Author-focused

• Information-focused

• Direct Quote

• Paraphrased / Summarized idea

Fill in the Blank

Complete the following with the information below:

“While poverty and environmental degradation are closely interrelated, it is the unsustainable patterns of consumption and production, primarily in developed nations, that are of even greater concern” (____________________________).

Author: Australian Academy of Science

Date: July 24, 2015

Page Number/Heading: Population consumption

Fill in the Blank

Complete the following with the necessary information below:

____________ suggests that, due to our rising population, it there will be an increasing demand for land used for agriculture, which will then reduce the land we have for protected resources, such as native plant life and animal life in a specific area.

Author: Camilo Mora

Date: March 2014

Page Number/Heading: Demands for Food and Ecological Costs

Above the Table -

Table #: Appropriate Title

​

Below the Table:

A short reference notes identifying what your information is, who wrote it and where you found it, and publication date.​

How to use APA Citation

Tables:

​

Below the image:

​Figure #: a short description of what is in the image, who wrote it, where it is from, and when it was published​

​

How to use APA Citation?

Charts, Graphs, Images​

What about the Reference Page?

​Websites:

• includes all necessary referencing information in the following order:

Auth​or Last Name, F. M. (Year Month Day Published). Title of Page. Site Name. URL

​

• If no ​author, use organization, institute, or group that completed the research

• If no publication date, use (n.​d.) - no date.

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE: This Citation include everything for the reference page?

Australian Academy of Science (2015, July 24). Population and environment: a global challenge. Retrieved on December 13, 2021. https://www.science.org.au/curious/earthenvironment/population-environment

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE: This Citation include everything for the reference page?

LeBlanc, Rick (2021, February 5). The environmental impacts of overpopulation. Retrieved on December 13, 2021. https://www.thebalancesmb.com/howoverpopulation-impacts-the-environment-4172964

• TRUE

• FALSE

What about the Reference Page?

​Journal Articles:

• includes all necessary referencing information in the following order:

Auth​or Last Name, F. M. (Year Published). Title of Article. Journal Title, Volume#(Issue#), Page Range. DOI/URL

​

• If some information is missing (i.e.- page range), you do not have to include it. Most important are the first 4 + DOI.

• If no publication date, use (n.​d.) - no date.

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE: This Citation include everything for the reference page?

Mora, C. (2014). “Revisiting the environmental and socioeconomic effects of population growth: a fundamental but fading issue in modern scientific, public, and political circles." Ecology and Society, vol. 19 (1). DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2626951

• TRUE

• FALSE

​References:

​​Australian Academy of Science (2015, July 24). Population and environment: a global challenge. Retrieved on December 13, 2021. https://www.science.org.au/curious/earthenvironment/population-environment

​

​LeBlanc, R. (2021, February 5). The environmental impacts of overpopulation. The balance small business. Retrieved on December 13, 2021. https://www.thebalancesmb.com/howoverpopulation-impacts-the-environment-4172964

​

​Mora, C. (2014). “Revisiting the environmental and socioeconomic effects of population growth: a fundamental but fading issue in modern scientific, public, and political circles." Ecology and Society, vol. 19 (1). DOI: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2626951

​References:

​​Plagiarism. University of Oxford. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2021, from https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism

​

​Purdue University (2019 October). In-Text Citations: The Basics. Purdue Writing Lab. Rereived March 20, 2022, from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

​

​​Purdue University (2019, October). Reference List: Basic Rules. Purdue Writing Lab. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html

​References:

​​UTEP Library (2016). ESOL 1311 Research Basics: Avoiding plagiarism – Tips & resources. The University of Texas at El Paso University Library. Retrieved November 25, 2021, from https://libguides.utep.edu/c.php?g=430196&p=3854064​

Open Ended

Q&A: Do you have any further questions about APA Citation?