Bonds and Electronegativity

Bonding- Covalent, Metallic, and Ionic

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Electrons are the Key

• If valence electrons are shared by atoms, it is called COVALENT bonding

• If valence electrons move freely between atoms, it is called METALLIC bonding

• If valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another, it is called IONIC Bonding

What makes this happen?

• Electronegativity is the key

• more specifically, the DIFFERENCE in electronegativity....

What you need to remember...

• Metals + Nonmetals

• Make IONIC bonds

• Transfer electrons

• High electronegativity difference

Ionic Bonds

• Form Crystalline Lattice (crystals)

• Have high melting and boiling points

• Hard

• Brittle

• Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

What you need to remember

• Nonmetal + Nonmetal

• Make COVALENT bonds

• Share electrons

• Low electronegativity difference

Covalent Compounds

• Have Lower melting and boiling points

• Tend to be flammable

• When dissolved in water they do not conduct electricity

• Soft or brittle solid

• Can also form crystals

What you need to remember

• Metal ions near each other share valence electrons

• These valence electrons flow freely between all of the ions

• These delocalized electrons are why metals conduct heat and electricity

• It is also why metals are malleable and ductile

Metallic Bonds

• good conductors of heat and electricity

• malleable and ductile

• lustrous

• opaque

Multiple Choice

Identify the following compound as ionic or covalent: Na₂SO₄

• ionic

• covalent

Multiple Choice

What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

• covalent bond

• ionic bond

• metallic bond

• transfer bond

Multiple Choice

Identify the following compound as ionic or covalent: CF₄

• ionic

• covalent

Multiple Choice

A bond between a nonmetal and a nonmetal is called a(n)

• covalent bond

• ionic bond

• metallic bond

• transfer bond

Multiple Choice

Identify the following compound as ionic or covalent: MgO

• ionic

• covalent

Multiple Choice

A bond between a metal and a nonmetal is called a(n)

• covalent bond

• ionic bond

• metallic bond

• transfer bond

Multiple Choice

Identify the following compound as ionic or covalent: SO₂

• ionic

• covalent