Rocks

4.2 Rocks

I can explain the formation and characteristics of rocks.

Multiple Choice

What is created if a rock is melted?

• sediments

• magma

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

Multiple Choice

What is created if sediments are compacted and cemented together?

• sediments

• magma

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

Multiple Choice

What is created if rock is weathered and eroded?

• sediments

• magma

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

Multiple Choice

What is created if a rock experiences high heat and pressure?

• sediments

• magma

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

Multiple Choice

What is created if magma is cooled?

• sediments

• magma

• igneous rock

• sedimentary rock

• metamorphic rock

Igneous Rocks

• Magma is formed by the melting of rocks

• Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma

• Volcanic glass, like obsidian, formed from a lava that cooled so quickly crystals did not form; glassy texture

• Volcanic or extrusive rock, like basalt, formed from a lava that cooled on Earth's surface, allowing small crystals to form; fine-grained texture

• Plutonic or intrusive rock, like granite, formed from a magma that cooled below Earth's surface, allowing large crystals to form; coarse-grained texture

Multiple Choice

Which of the following images shows a volcanic glass that cooled so fast that no crystals were able to form?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following images shows a volcanic or extrusive igneous rock that cooled on Earth's surface, allowing small crystals to form?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following images shows a plutonic or intrusive igneous rock that cooled below Earth's surface, allowing large vcrystals to form?

Sedimentary Rocks

• Sediments are formed by the weathering and erosion of rocks

• Clastic Sedimentary rocks, like sandstone, are formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments ranging in size, from smallest to largest: clay, silt, sand, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders

• Chemical sedimentary rocks, like rock salt, are made when water evaporates or when the mineral falls out of a water solution

• Organic sedimentary rocks, like coal, are made from the remains of plants and animals.

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a clastic sedimentary rock made of fine sand.

• conglomerate

• sandstone

• rock salt

• limestone

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a crystalline chemical sedimentary rock made of halite left behind when water evaporates.

• conglomerate

• sandstone

• rock salt

• limestone

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a clastic sedimentary rock made of smooth, rounded pebbles.

• conglomerate

• sandstone

• rock salt

• limestone

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a organic sedimentary rock made of shell fragments.

• conglomerate

• sandstone

• rock salt

• limestone

Metamorphic Rocks

• Metamorphic rocks are created when any rock experiences high heat and pressure

• Foliated metamorphic rocks, like gneiss, have visible layering or bands of minerals

• Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks, like quartzite, have NO visible layering or bands of minerals and instead are more crystalline

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that formed from limestone.

• slate

• quartzite

• gneiss

• marble

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that formed from sandstone.

• slate

• quartzite

• gneiss

• marble

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a foliated metamorphic rock that shows wavy bands and high-grade metamorphism.

• slate

• quartzite

• gneiss

• marble

Multiple Choice

Use the identification table to give the name of a foliated metamorphic rock that is the low-grade metamorphism of shale.

• slate

• quartzite

• gneiss

• marble