DNA and Genes and Chromosomes

Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA

L.8.2A.1 

Important Vocab

• Nucleus - called the "control center" of a cell. Holds all genetic information.

• Chromosome - the condensed form of DNA. Looks like an X. Just consists of DNA wrapped around proteins.

• Gene - a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.

• Nucleotide - makes up the "base pairs" that form the "steps" of the DNA ladder. Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine (C-G, A-T) 

DNA

• DNA is "double-stranded" in the shape of a "double helix," which is like a twisted ladder.

• The rungs, or "steps," of the ladder are the nucleotides.

Nucleotides

• Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, a sugar (Deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

• Nucleotides are the monomers of DNA, which means it makes up DNA.

• Nucleotides are the "Code" of DNA.

Nucleotides

• The nucleotides are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. (A, T, G, C)

• Look at the picture to the right.

• A always pairs up with T. (APPLES go in the TREE)

• C always pairs up with G. (CARS go in the GARAGE)

Nucleotides

• If you have a sequence of CAGTC on one strand, what would the other strand be?

• GTCAG

• If the sequence is TTACGCAG, what would the other strand be?

• AATGCGTC

Multiple Choice

What is the condensed form of DNA called?

• Chromosome

• Gene

• Nucleotides

• Nucleus

Multiple Select

Which of the following are the DNA nucleotides?

• Adenine (A)

• Thymine (T)

• Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C)

• Guanine (G)

Multiple Choice

What is the complementary strand to GCGCGCG

• ATATATA

• CGCGCGC

• AGAGAGA

Multiple Choice

What is the complementary strand to ACATCGT

• AGACGAT

• TCTACGA

• TGTAGCA

Multiple Choice

What is the complementary strand to GCGATCTTT

• CGCTAGAAA

• CGCTAGTTT

• GCGATCAAA