Earth's Mantle

Earth Layers & Convection Currents Review

By Mom

It is important you READ the slides.

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If there's something you don't understand write it down on your science ISN and ask me later.

Scientists use this machine to study seismic waves caused by earthquakes.

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This helps also get a detailed picture of Earth's Interior.​

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Seismograph

​The Earth is composed of Three Main Layers:

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​​Crust, Mantle, and Core​

Thin outermost layer.

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About 3 to 44 miles thick

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Composed of Oceanic and Continental Crust.

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Earth's Crust

Oceanic Crust is mostly composed of Basalt formed from the magma that comes from the mantle.

It is Denser & Thinner than Continental Crust

Continental Crust forms the landmasses called Continents. It is composed of rocks such as granite.

Multiple Choice

Seismographs measure seismic waves and help scientists learn about the Earth's Interior.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Earth's Layers in order from the surface to the center are:

• Crust, Core, Mantle

• Crust, Mantle, Core

• Mantle, Crust, Core

• Core, Mantle, Crust

Multiple Choice

The two Types of Crust are __________ and ___________

• Oceanic and Mountainous

• Continental and Marine

• Marine and Mountainous

• Oceanic and Continental

Multiple Choice

The Continental Crust is denser and thinner than the Oceanic Crust.

• True

• False

Let's Continue...

​Middle Layer of the Earth composed of hot solid Rock.

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It is approximately 1,864 miles thick

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Earth's Mantle

The uppermost layer of the mantle and the crust.

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It is rigid

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Divided into Tectonic Plates​

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Earth's Mantle: Lithospere​

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Found below the Lithosphere.

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Also known as Upper Mantle

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Made up of hotter, weaker rock.​

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Earth's Mantle:

Asthenosphere​

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Known as Lower Mantle

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Thick layer of strong, solid rock​

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Earth's Mantle:

Mesosphere​

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Densest Layer

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Composed of Nickel and Iron

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Divided into a Liquid Outer Core & Solid Inner Core.​

Earth's Core

Multiple Choice

The asthenosphere is called the ________ and made up of __________.

• lower mantle; less rigid rock

• upper mantle; extremely strong rock

• upper mantle; less rigid rock

• lower mantle; extremely strong rock.

Multiple Choice

The lithosphere is

• a combination of the crust and mantle.

• composed of the liquid core.

• a combination of the mantle and core.

• composed of only the continental crust.

Multiple Choice

The Earth's Core is primarily composed of:

• granite and marble

• nickel and granite

• iron and copper

• nickel and iron

Multiple Choice

The earth's core has two parts, the inner core and the outer core.

The Inner core is______________

• the liquid layer of the core

• the less dense portion of the core

• solid and is the densest of the earth's layer

• liquid, and is the densest of the earth's layers.

Heat Transfer and Convection Currents

There are 3 Types of Heat Transfer

Radiation

it's transfer through space​

Conduction

heat transferred within a material due to temperature gradients.

Convection

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heat is transferred from the movement of currents (liquids)

What causes Convection?

When fluid has differences in temperature and density.

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When a liquid becomes cooler, its particles move slowly and the liquid becomes denser.​

Multiple Choice

The three types of heat transfer are:

• Radiation, Convection, Conduction

• Radiation, Conclusion, Conduction

• Radiation, Convention, Conduction

• Convection, Conduction, Radiator.

Multiple Choice

Heat transfer within a material is called

• Radiation

• Conduction

• Continental

• Convection

Multiple Choice

Heat transfer by the movement of liquids is called

• Convection

• Conduction

• Convention

• Radiation

Multiple Choice

When a liquid becomes cooler, it's particles move more _______ and it becomes ___________.

• quickly; denser

• slowly; denser

• quickly; less dense

• slowly; less dense

The Mantle is hottest near the core and cooler near the crust.

Hot Mantle Rises

​Because of lower density, the hot mantle material near the core, starts to rise towards the crust.

As the mantle rises, it also cools.

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When it cools, it becomes denser and then sinks backs to the core. ​

Cool Mantle Sinks

LOOK & ANALYZE THE IMAGE

Multiple Choice

Hot mantle near the core can slowly rise and become cooler and denser.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Cold from the crust cools the rock. The rock becomes less dense and sinks to the mantle.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Based on the image, the rock will become more dense as it cools down.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Based on the image, when the rock in the mantle gets hotter, the density will be less and that causes the mantle to rise.

• True

• False

The changes in temperature in the mantle create convection currents.

Convection Currents in the mantle cause the crust to move over Earth's Surface.

Convection Currents in the outer core contribute to the Earth's Magnetic Field.

This was "broken" during the movie THE CORE.

Multiple Choice

The circular motion in the Earth's mantle caused by changes in temperature and density is called

• Upper Mantle

• Hot to Cold Motion

• Convection Currents

• Plate Tectonics

Multiple Select

Which parts of the layers of the Earth have convection currents?

• Mantle

• Crust

• Outer Core

• Plate Tectonics

Multiple Choice

The mantle's Convection Current contributes to the magnetic field of the Earth?

• True

• False

Poll

How do you feel about this presentation?

Poll

Do you feel you understand the terms and overall lesson about Earth's Inside & Convection Currents?

Don't forget to keep working on your Choice Board projects on your own time.

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You have until Friday.

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You are done with Science!