Earth's External and Internal Processes

EARTH SCIENCE REVIEW

11-STEM

​1Q Pointers to Review

• ​Theories on the Origin of the Universe and Solar System

• ​Life on Earth

• ​Earth's Subsystems

• ​Rocks and Minerals

• ​Rock cycle and formation

• ​Classification of Rocks

• ​Metallic Minerals Resources

• ​Nonmetallic Minerals Resources

Multiple Choice

In this theory, new matter is continuously created as the universe expands so that the perfect cosmological principle is adhered to.

• Bigbang Theory

• Steady State Theory 

• Creation Myth

• Oscillating Universe

Multiple Choice

This theory predicted a universe that expanded but did not change its density – matter was inserted into the universe as it expanded in order to maintain a constant density.

• Bigbang Theory

• Steady State Theory 

• Creation Myth

• Oscillating Universe

Multiple Choice

It described how God separated the light from darkness, created the sky, land, sea, moon, stars, and every living creature in six days.

• Bigbang Theory

• Steady State Theory 

• Creation Myth

• Oscillating Universe

​The Origin of the Solar System

• ​Encounter Hypothesis

• ​Nebular Hypothesis

• ​Protoplanet Hypothesis

Multiple Choice

This states that the sun encountered a rogue star. Due to gravitational interaction, hot gases removed from both of them. The material formed outer and inner planets.

• Encounter Hypothesis

• Nebular Hypothesis

• Protoplanet hypothesis

Multiple Choice

This hypothesis suggests that a cloud of gas and dust rotated slowly. It is the present working model formation of the Solar System.

• Encounter Hypothesis

• Nebular Hypothesis

• Protoplanet hypothesis

Multiple Choice

According to this hypothesis, the Solar system was formed from a slowly-rotating cloud of gas that collapsed and flattened because of the gravitational forces. The collision between particles formed the planets.

• Encounter Hypothesis

• Nebular Hypothesis

• Protoplanet hypothesis

​Earth's Subsystems

• ​Geosphere

• ​Bioshpere

• ​Atmosphere

• ​Hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

1. Which analogy correctly corresponds to the characteristics of the following Earth's spheres?

• biosphere: living organisms; geosphere: solid Earth

• geosphere: solid Earth; hydrosphere: gaseous envelope

• atmosphere: solid Earth; biosphere: living organisms

• hydrosphere: water portion; atmosphere: living organisms

Multiple Choice

Which sphere described as a natural process that responsible to maintain external heating on Earth?

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

7. Which sphere covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface?

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Which sphere is responsible for the internal heating of Earth?

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

7. Which sphere covers approximately 71% of the Earth's surface?

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Atmosphere

ROCKS AND MINERALS

Multiple Choice

The process where rocks are physically broken down is called _________.

• weathering

• lithification

• erosion

• deposition

Multiple Choice

The physical transportation of rock sediments is called _______.

• weathering

• lithification

• erosion

• deposition

Multiple Choice

Magma hardens beneath Earth's surface creating ________.

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• foliated metamorphic rocks

• Clastic Rocks

Multiple Choice

A type of rock forms when dissolved minerals precipitate from water solutions.

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• foliated metamorphic rocks

• Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Multiple Choice

 Which is not considered as rock?

• copper

• obsidian 

• shale

• gneiss

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a mineral?

• copper

• quartz

• silica

• coal

Multiple Choice

What characteristic of mineral is used to consider that petroleum is not a mineral?

• solid

• inorganic

• chemical composition

• crystalline structure

Multiple Choice

What characteristic of mineral is used to consider that petroleum is not a mineral?

• solid

• inorganic

• chemical composition

• crystalline structure

Multiple Choice

The tendency of a mineral to break along flat, even surfaces is called ______________.

• cleavage

• luster

• hardness

• streak

Multiple Choice

What type of metamorphic rock has visible parallel bands?

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• foliated metamorphic rocks

• Clastic Rocks

Multiple Choice

What texture best describes an igneous rock that formed deep underground?

• fine-grained

• coarse-grained

• vesicular

• glassy

Multiple Choice

 The light-colored igneous rock is cooled slowly when it was formed.

• True

• False