Evidence of Evolution and Natural Selection

Evidence of natural selection

Natural selection, Genetic drift, and genetic flow

Open Ended

HEORTIES

TIONULVOE

This is the idea the unification concept of life

Content:

• Whats is evolution

• Organic evolution

• convergent and divergent evolution

• homologous and analogous

• phylogeny

• vestigial

• Genetic drift

WHAT IS EVOLUTION?

The formation of complex organisms through the gradual change from simple ancestral types throughout geological time termed Evolution of Organic evolution.

Multiple Choice

What are four elements of natural selection?

• 1.) OVERPRODUCTION

  2.) VARIATION

  3.) LIMITED RESOURCES

  4.) SIMULATION

  5.) SURVIVAL OF THE FATS

• 1.) PRODUCTION

  2.) VARIETY

  3.) UNLIMITED RESOURCES

  4.) COMPLETION

  5.) SURVIVAL OF THE GRADUAL

• 1.) OVERPRODUCTION

  2.) VARIATION

  3.) LIMITED RESOURCES

  4.) COMPETITION

  5.) SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

• 1.) REPRODUCTION

  2.) VARIATION

  3.) AUTONOMY

  4.) COMPETITION

  5.) SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST

NATURAL SELECTION

Natural selection is the process by which the most adaptive traits for an environment become more common generation after generation. It is not a random process. However, it also is not a purposeful process. 

WHAT IS ORGANIC EVOLUTION?

• The formation of complex organisms through the gradual change from simple ancestral types throughout geological time termed Evolution of Organic evolution.

  According to the theory of Organic evolution:

1.) The various present-day organism was not created in the same form in which they exist today, but have gradually evolved from many simple ancestral forms from a common ancestor.

2.) The characteristics of organisms had been changing in the past; they are changing even today and will continue to do so in the future as well. This is because the environment in which organisms lived also changes and organisms need to adapt to the changing environment to survive.

3.) Several living organisms of the past have become extinct.

4.) The origin of the various forms (species) found on earth has been a gradual and extremely slow process, requiring hundreds or even thousands of years. However, the evolution of black peppered moths or polyploidy varieties of some crops or pesticide-resistant mosquitoes happened in much shorter periods.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the Best Definition of evolutionary fitness?

• The measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation

• The relative health of each individual in the population

• The ability to mutate an individual’s DNA

• The ability to survive for a long time

GENETIC DRIFT

If the frequencies of traits in a population change purely by chance, then genetic drift has occurred. This may happen when a random subset of a population dies (i.e., from a natural disaster or from indiscriminate human hunting). 

Founder’s effect

The genetics of the population reflect those of the initial members.

Bottlenecking

A portion of the population is randomly eliminated resulting in a population that reflects the genetic of the survivors.

Multiple Choice

Ten thousand years ago, the cheetah was very common in many areas. Today, just two isolated populations live in South and East Africa, numbering only a few thousand animals. What genetic drift is being experienced by a cheetah?

• Artificial selection

• Bottleneck theory

• Founder effect

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

Which evolutionary mechanism is a change in allele frequencies that occurs purely by chance and tends to eliminate alleles from a population?

• Genetic drift

• Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium

• Migration

• Non-random mating

Multiple Choice

In areas of heavy use of the insecticide DDT, the fly population may show marked resistance to the DDT over some time. Someone who accepts the evolutionary theory of Lamark and Darwin would most likely explain this observation using the concept of____________.

• Genetic disorder

• Inheritance of acquired characteristics

• Bottleneck theory

• A change in the gene frequencies

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of chromosomes?

• The powerhouse of the cell

• They carry genetic information

• They build the right protein for every cell

• They catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains

Multiple Choice

Birds and butterfly are ___________________ in structure because they has _______________.

• Homologous, not a similar structure and similar function

• Analogous, similar structure but different function

• Homologous, similar structure but different function

• Analogous, not a similar structure but same function

Multiple Choice

Birds and butterfly are ___________________ in structure because they has _______________.

• Homologous, not a similar structure and similar function

• Analogous, similar structure but different function

• Homologous, similar structure but different function

• Analogous, not a similar structure but same function