Galileo and the Scientific Revolution

The earth-centered view of the universe

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​Geocentric theory

The idea that the sun is at the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to publish a book making this argument

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​Heliocentric theory

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Showed that planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles, as Copernicus had thought

Johannes Kepler

​In 1609 he built a telescope to study the heavens. He confirmed Copernicus' work

Galileo Galilei

In 1633 under threat of torture, he confessed that the ideas of Copernicus were false. He lived under house arrest until his death in 1642.

Galileo's Trial

Multiple Choice

What is geocentric theory?

• The idea that all organisms evolved from a single celled organism

• The idea that the earth is at the center of the universe

• The idea that the sun is at the center of the universe

• It is when one believes that his/her culture is superior to others

Multiple Choice

Who first published the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe?

• Galileo Galilei

• Tycho Brahe

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Johannes Kepler

Multiple Choice

How did Kepler build on Copernicus' theory?

• He proved that the planets orbit the sun in circular orbits

• He argued that the earth is at the center of the universe

• He proved the existence of Jupiter's moons

• He showed the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

Multiple Choice

Which person decided to change his beliefs about the universe in order to not be tortured by the church?

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

• Tycho Brahe

• Johannes Kepler

Scientific Breakthroughs

New tools and instruments

• ​Microscope invented in 1590 by Zacharias Janssen

• 1643 Evangelista Torricelli developed a mercury barometer

• 1714 Fahrenheit made the first thermometer to use mercury in glass

• ​1742 Anders Celsius created another scale for the mercury thermometer

• 1543 Andreas Vesalius published On the Structure of the Human Body

• Edward Jenner produced a vaccine to prevent smallpox in la​te 1770s

Multiple Choice

The belief that God was the creator of an orderly universe, like a clockmaker who had set everything in motion

• Polytheism

• Evangelicalism

• Deism

• Animism

Multiple Choice

Who urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusions from their observations?

• Francis Bacon

• Pope Benedict

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• Thomas Hobbes

A government's power comes from the consent of the governed

New Idea

A monarch's rule is justified by divine right

Old Idea

​Changing ideas about Government

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

• The Scientific Revolution

• The Enlightenment

• The Revolution

• The Reformation