Genes Introduction

DNA Structure and Function

Unit 6: Molecular Genetics

BIO 5. a

Open Ended

Brain Dump Warm-up

Write anything and everything you know about DNA.

Learning Objective: Describe the structure and function of DNA.

DNA contains the genetic codes that tell our bodies what proteins to make. These proteins are what give us, and all living things our characteristics.

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​DNA is the code of life

Deoxyribose is a 5 carbon sugar

Nucleic acids are information carrying molecules that contain a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases give us the base pairs, which are the actual code in DNA

The name of DNA gives us

clues to it’s structure

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

How many carbons are in the sugar component of DNA?

• Five

• Two

• Six

• Eight

A single nucleotide consists of

• sugar (deoxyribose)

• Phosphate group

• Nitrogenous base

Multiple Choice

What is the monomer of DNA?

• Nucleotide

• Amino Acid

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine

​There are four (technically 5) nitrogenous bases

​Uracil**

Thymine

**Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA

​Double rings structures and it includes adenine and guanine

​​Purine

​Single ring structures and it includes thymine, cytosine, and uracil (RNA ONLY.

Pyrimidines

Drag and Drop

Which two nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?​​

Placeholder

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Thymine and Cytosine

Adenine and Cytosine

Guanine and Thymine

Adenine and Thymine

Dropdown

Which two nitrogenous bases are purines?​

Select answer

Chargaff's Rule

Because DNA is two stranded molecule joined together, the two strands have complementary base pairs joined by a hydrogen bond. Purine with Pyrimidine.

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A%=T%)

Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G% = C%)

Dropdown

Adenine pairs with​

Select answer

Dropdown

Cytosine pairs with ​

Select answer

Fill in the Blanks

If a gene has 22% adenine, it will have

% thymine.

Drag and Drop

If a gene has 34% cytosine, it will have ​

Placeholder

% guanine.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

34

66

30

100

Chromosomes, alleles, and genes.

On each of these chromosomes there are a number of genes. Each chromosome has a version of that gene called an allele. These alleles are found at a specific location on the chromosome called a locus (loci plural).

Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs.

Allele - a version of a gene

Loci/locus - location of an gene on a chromosome.

Gene - segment of genetic information that provides a code for a protein.

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​Vocabulary

Open Ended

Use your notes to describe a gene, allele, and locus: