Hematology

Multiple Choice

What is the area to which hematology belongs?

• Internal Medicine

• General Medicine

• External Medicine

Anatomy of blood

All of the cells found in the blood come
from bone marrow. They begin their life
as stem cells, and they mature into three

main types of cells— RBCs, WBCs, and

platelets.

RBCs are the most common type of cell found in the

blood, with each cubic millimeter of blood containing 4-6

million cells.

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTE)

With a diameter of only 6 µm, RBCs are
small enough to squeeze through the
smallest blood vessels. They circulate
around the body for up to 120 days, at

which point the old or damaged RBCs are

removed from the circulation by

specialized cells (macrophages) in the

spleen and liver.

.

6 µm

biconcave

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTE)

White blood cells (also known as leukocytes),
which are also made in the marrow, help fight

infection

Some cells have nuclei with multiple lobes, whereas others
contain one large, round nucleus. Some contain packets of

granules in their cytoplasm and so are known as

granulocytes.

Despite their differences in appearance, all of the
various types of WBCs have a role in the immune

response

PLASMA

Plasma is the yellowish fluid part of the blood.

Composed of 92% water, it also contains 7% vital

proteins and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats,

hormones and vitamins.

Multiple Choice

How many days does the red blood cell circulate in the human body?

• 120 days

• 100 days

• 105 days

• 115 days

Multiple Choice

Which area analyzes the body fluids?

• Routine hematology testing

• Urinalysis

• Routine coagulation testing

HEMATOLOGY DISORDERS

SICKLE CELL DISEASE

Causes the

generation of hard

and sticky

hemoglobine.

HEMOPHILIA

Causes easy bleeding
thanks to the lack of

clothing factor in blood

ANEMIA AND VARIANTS

The lack of enough red

blood cells.

HEMATOLOGY DISORDERS

LEUKEMIA

A cancer that grows in
bone marrow and then

goes out into the

blood, disturbing the
correct generation of

blood cells.

IDIOPATHIC

THROMBOCYTOPENIC

PURPURA (ITP)

Decreases the number

of platelets in the

blood.

Multiple Choice

Which of the presented disorders affects more types of blood cells?

• SICKLE CELL DISEASE

• HEMOPHILIA

• LEUKEMIA

Hematology tests

Complete blood count (CBC)

White blood cell count
Red blood cell count
Platelet count

To aid in diagnosing anemia, certain
cancers of the blood, inflammatory
diseases, to monitor blood loss and
infection.

Prothrombin time (PT) Partial
Thromboplastin Time (PTT) INR

To evaluate bleeding and clotting disorders
and to monitor anticoagulation
(anticlotting) therapies.

Bone marrow biopsy

Taking cells from the bone marrow
for analysis for many types of
disease.

Multiple Choice

Which test is used to evaluate clotting disorders?

• Complete blood count

• Prothrombin time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) INR

• Bone marrow biopsy

References

http://www.acponline.org/about-acp/about-internal-

medicine/subspecialties-of-internal-medicine/hematology

https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-

donate/types-of-blood-donations/blood-components.html

https://www.accc-cancer.org/home/learn/cancer-

types/hematologic-malignancies

https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/pediatric-

hematology-oncology/patient-resources/hematology-disorders

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-

therapies/hematology

Thanks for

your

attention