Introduction to Matter and Atoms

MATTER AND ATOMS

by Shavinder Singh

​Grade-8

1. ​All matter in the Universe is made up of small particles.

What is building block of matter?​

​ATOM IS BUILDING BLOCK OF MATTER

just like

Cell is the building block of all living species

Brick is the building block of a house

​Atom is the smallest particle of matter

​What is Universe?

​The whole space around you which consist of heavenily bodies like Planets, Stars, Satellites, Asteriods, meteors and other objects.

​What is Universe made of?

​The whole Universe is made up of Matter.

​What is Matter?

​Anything around you which occupy space and have mass is known as Matter.

​What does an atom consist of ?

​Atom consist of three fundamental particles :

​ELECTRONS

​NEUTRONS

PROTONS

​What is NATURE of these fundamental particles ?

​ELECTRONS : Negatively charged particles

​NEUTRONS : Electrically carries no charge(neutral)

PROTONS : positively charged partcles

​Where these fundamental particles are located in an atom ?

​ELECTRONS : Around center of an atom revolving around centre in fixed paths known as orbits also known as Energy shells

​NEUTRONS : In the centre of an atom

PROTONS : In the center of an atom

​What is the center of an atom known as?

​Center of an atom is known as NUCLEUS

​Nucleus is centrally positive dense part of an atom which consist pf protons and neutrons.

​Entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus because of presnce of heavenily sub particles protons and neutrons

​MORE ABOUT ATOMS

​So far We have done

​

​Smallest particle of Matter is known as Atom. Atom consist of three fundamental particles, electrons, protons and neutrons.

​Protons are positively charged particles present in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons are electrically neutral and are also present in the nuceus of an atom.

The whole mass is concentrated in the center of an atom because of the presence of protons and neutrons.

Electrons are negatively charged particles with negligible mass and are revolving around the nucleus of an atom in a fixed paths or orbits called energy shells.

​Characteristics of an Atom

​Every element is represented by an atom and further atom is represented by symbol.

​ Elements are arranged specifically in rows and columns in a Table know as Periodic Table depending upon their properties.

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​To Do

​

​Please refer Periodic table for knowing the symbol of First 10 elements.

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​Characteristics of an Atom

​Every Atom has two characteristic:

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​Atomic Number

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​Mass Number

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​Characteristics of an Atom

​Atomic Number : Number of protons or number of electrons in an neutral gaseous atom is Atomic number of that atom.

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​Mass Number : The total number protons and neutron inside the nucleus of an atom is Mass number of that atom

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​Knowing about atom from the periodic table

KNOWING MORE ATOM

​ALL ORBITS ARE DESIGNTED AS K, L, M ......

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ELECTRONS PRESENT IN THE OUTERMOST SHELL ARE KNOWN AS VALENCE ELECTRONS

​TO DO:

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​AFTER GOING THROUGH THESE LESSONS, DO GIVEN ASSIGNMENT BY USING REFERENCE OF PRIODIC TABLE

​GO....SET.....READY FOR QUIZ