Introduction to Chemistry
Presentation
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Chemistry
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11th Grade
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Hard
Joseph Anderson
FREE Resource
18 Slides • 12 Questions
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Introduction to Organic Chemistry
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Organic Compounds
Covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides.
Few exceptions, such as Na2CO3, CO, and CO2, that are considered inorganic.
All organic compounds contain carbon atoms.
Aspirin, polyethylene in plastic bags, citric acid in the fruit, and amino acids in animals are all examples of organic compounds.
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Carbon atom is unique
Ability to form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms.
Catenation, the covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings.
Carbon atoms bind readily to elements with similar electronegativities.
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Carbon atom is unique
Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds
Other organic compounds contain hydrocarbon backbones to which other elements, primarily O, N, S, and the halogens, are attached.
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Carbon atom is unique
Carbon is able to form 4 covalent bonds (4 valence electrons) with other carbon or other elements.
The bonding capabilities of carbon also allow for different arrangements of atoms
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
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Characteristics of Organic Compounds
Mostly built up of only three elements- carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Other elements like halogen, nitrogen as well as phosphorous are also present but to a lesser extent.
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Characteristics of Organic Compounds
Possess complex structures and high molecular weights
Their properties are decided by certain active atom or group of atoms known as the functional group.
They are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
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Characteristics of Organic Compounds
They are combustible in nature
They have low melting points – due to weak intermolecular forces.
Chemical reactions involving organic compounds proceed at slower rates.
They react slower than ionic compounds – due to strong covalent bonds between atoms.
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Open Ended
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Representing Organic Molecules
Simply shows the number of each type of atom present. It tells you nothing about the bonding within the compound
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Representing Organic Molecules
Gives the simplest possible whole number ratio of the different types of atom within the compound.
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Representing Organic Molecules
A text-based, each carbon atom is listed separately, with atoms attached to it following. An exception is cyclic parts of molecules, e.g. benzene, where the carbons are grouped.
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Representing Organic Molecules
Shows all of the atoms and all of the bonds present in an organic compound. The bonds are represented as lines.
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Representing Organic Molecules
Similar to the displayed formula-not all bonds are shown, although all atoms are still indicated using subscript numbers. Carbon-hydrogen bonds are often simplified.
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Representing Organic Molecules
In a skeletal formula, most hydrogen atoms are omitted, and line ends or vertices represent carbons. Functional groups and atoms other than carbon or hydrogen are still shown. Easiest to draw & commonly used.
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Multiple Choice
The formula is an example of ...
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Multiple Choice
This represents a...
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Multiple Choice
This is an example of...
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Fill in the Blanks
Type answer...
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Open Ended
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
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