Introduction to Mutations

Mutations

What is a mutation? ​

A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence. ​

​What causes mutations?

• ​Sometimes it just happens!

• ​An organisms genetic code can make typos or mistakes when it is copied.

​What causes mutations?

​There is an increased risk when organisms are exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation.

​Types of Gene Mutations: Point or Substitution

​A mutation where a single base is changed into another.

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​*If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it is called a silent mutation.

​Types of Gene Mutations: Insertion

​A mutation where a single base is inserted somewhere in the DNA sequence.

​Types of Gene Mutations: Deletion

​A mutation where a single base is deleted somewhere in the DNA sequence.

​Types of Gene Mutations: Frameshift Mutation

An insertion or deletion mutation that shifts​ or moves over the entire amino acid sequence.

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​There will be left over bases that will not code for an amino acid.