Keystone Biology

Keystone Review Macromolecules and Cell Parts

Nebzydoski

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is glucose the monomer for?

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

If you see the elements C, H, O, N you are most likely looking at

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic adcid

Multiple Choice

Cell membranes are composed primarily of

• carbyhydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

Atoms

• The building block of matter

• contain protons (+), neutrons, & electrons (-)

• Form bonds:

• Ionic (electrons transfered)

• Covalent (electrons shared)

Multiple Choice

Which part of the atom is negatively charged?

• proton

• neutron

• electron

Multiple Choice

In a/an ______ bond, electrons are shared.

• ionic

• covalent

Multiple Choice

Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. It has ...

• 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons

• 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 12 neutrons

• 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 0 neutrons

Multiple Choice

The atomic number of an element gives it __________.

• number of electrons only

• number of of neutrons

• number of protons

Carbon forms 4 bonds

Carbon creates:

*long chains

*ring structures

*and can form single, double, and triple bonds

Carbon (4 bonds)

• ring structures like in the sugar

• long chains like in the hydrocarbon at the bottom

Multiple Choice

Carbon likes to form _____ bonds.

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Polymers are formed from monomers:

• Monomers join in dehydration synthesis

• Polymers are broken through hydrolysis

Fill in the Blank

During polymerization a dehydration synthesis reaction occurs. When the polymer is formed ____ is lost.

Multiple Choice

Polymers are chains of multiple compounds known as _______.

• monomers

• proteins

• water

Polymers of life:

• Carbohydrates (sugars)

• Lipids (fats)

• Proteins (enzymes)

• Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

Carbohydrates

• Monomer: monosacharide (Glucose)

• Polymer: Polysacharide (Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose)

• Quick energy / energy storage in plants

• Look for ring structures & C,H, O

Lipids

• Monomer: Fatty Acid chain

• Polymer: Phospholipid, Triglyceride

• Long term energy storage

• Look for long hydrophobic carbon chain & C, H, O

Proteins

• Monomer: amino acid

• Polymer: protein

• Enzymes (can be denatured by heat, pH, and salinity)

• look for C, H, O, N

Nucleic Acid

• Monomer: Nucleotide

• Polymer: DNA and RNA

• Genetic Information

• Sugar - Phosphate Backbone

• A-T and C-G nitrogenous bases

• Look for C, H, O, P, N