Late Middle Ages Review

Middle Ages Review

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Geography of Medieval Europe

-Collection of feudal lands

-Various Mountain Ranges:

Alps- cover Northern Italian Peninsula

Ural Mountains- separate Europe from Asia

-Northern European Plains- great for farming

Multiple Choice

Which geographical feature serves as the continental divide between Asia and Europe?

• Ural Mountains

• Alps

• North European Plain

• English Channel

Charlemagne

• Charles the Great aka Charlemagne, King of Franks

• Protected the pope & crowned Holy Roman Emperor

• Solidified relationship between Papacy and Monarchy

Multiple Choice

When Charlemagne’s empire fell, Europe no longer had a powerful central government. Nobles who owned land became more powerful than kings. This led to a new system of government. Under this system, nobles ruled and protected the people. In return, the people worked for the nobles. Most of these people were known as serfs. They fought in the noble’s army or farmed the noble’s land. By 1000, the kingdoms of Europe were divided into thousands of areas ruled by nobles. Most of these territories were very small.

Using your knowledge of history, which economic system of government is described by the source above?

• capitalism

• mercantilism

• colonialism

• feudalism

European Feudalism

• Hierarchical Social Order dependent on the Manorial system.

• System of service between a lord and the vassals who have sworn loyalty to the lord

• King> Nobles > Knights >Peasants

Manorialism

• Economic system that depended on Manorialism

• It encouraged people to live near the manor since the manor was self sufficient

• It also tied serfs/peasants to the land making it impossible for them to own their own land

Multiple Select

Identify two ways the manor system impacted European communities.

• It prevented unskilled workers from finding jobs

• It encouraged people to settle in towns surrounding the manor.

• It forced people to settle in rural areas.

• It made it difficult for peasants to own their own land.

Church in the Middle Ages...

• Monasteries established as learning centers

• Monasteries were established for monks to study the bible

• Over time relationships soured between Papacy vs. Monarchy

• Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV wanted to appoint Bishops in the church but Pope Gregory VII did not agree

Multiple Choice

This is a quote from a letter written by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to Pop Gregory VII in 1076.

“Our Lord… has called us to kingship, but has not called you to the priesthood. You who have not been called by God have taught that our bishops who have been called by God are to be [rejected]…”

According to this quote, how did Henry IV view the relationship between monarchs and the church?

• He believed that monarchs should have power over the church.

• He believed that monarchs and the church should share power equally.

• He believed that the church should have power over monarch.

• He believed that the church should be able to rule separately from monarchs.

Medieval England

• William the Duke of Normandy became the King of England after the Battle of Hastings to defeat King Harold

• In 1215 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta

• This limited the power of the Monarch

• This solidified importance of law as it applies to everyone

• Gave people right to trial by Jury

Multiple Select

Based on your knowledge of history, identify three significant impacts of the Magna Carta.

• Establishment of popular sovereignty

• Limiting the power of the monarch

• Importance of Rule of Law

• Suffrage for all men

• Right to Trial by Jury

Crusades

• In 1096 Pope Urban I called on Christian nations to take back Jerusalem from Muslim Turks

• Time period that took place between 1096 and 1271 that had the objective of recovering the Holy Land from Islamic rule

• The 3rd Crusade, also known as Kings Crusade was fought notably by King Richard I of England and Persian King Saladin

Multiple Choice

What goal were Europeans attempting to achieve by beginning the Crusades?

• They wanted to aid the Turks in conquering the Holy Land.

• They wanted to regain control of the Holy Land from the Turks.

• They wanted to expand their trade routes into Southwest Asia.

• They wanted to create a new trade network to bypass the Silk Road.

Results of the Crusades?

Increased interest in trade, increased interest in foreign lands, development of a new Merchant class, more move to cities to participate in trade

Multiple Choice

How did increased interaction between Europe and Asia during the Crusades impact European politics?

• It inspired monarchs to explore and develop trade with the New World.

• It forced monarchs into a position of political isolationism.

• It increased the power of the Catholic Church.

• It weakened the power of monarchs as war ended most trade.

Bubonic Plague

• Also known as Black Death

• Lasted in Europe from 1346–53 and killed about 30 million people in Europe

• The effects of this diseased changed the course of history leaving less to farm and leading an end to Feudalism

• More move to the city to participate in trade and the commerce economy

Multiple Choice

Because of the Black Death, the agricultural economy changed to a commerce economy focusing on trade.

• True

• False

Hundred Years War

• Fought between England and France

• Started when Edward III of England invaded France claiming to be King

• Many years later English King Henry V had a significant victory at Agincourt, which resulted in an agreement with France's King Charles VI...problems arise further when both kings die

Hundred Years War

Charles VII gained help from peasant girl Joan of Arc to become King of France. Joan of Arc fought in the Battle of Orleans securing a victory for France and helping Charles VII become King of France. The end of the war helps each country create their own national conciseness (shared national identity).

Multiple Choice

What was an underlying cause of the Hundred Years war?

• The English were reclaiming land as part of a religious revival.

• The legitimacy of the next English monarch was in question

• There was a dispute over territory as both countries expanded.

• There was a question of succession for the French Crown.

Spanish Reconquista

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella wanted to unify the Iberian peninsula as a Catholic nation. They reconquered much of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslim Moors and forced out Jewish populations with their Inquisition.

Multiple Choice

Why did the Inquisition come to power in Spain during the 15th century?

• The monarchy in Spain wanted to create a strong military force.

• The monarchy in Spain wanted to weaken the power of the Catholic Church

• The monarchy in Spain wanted to remove all non-Christians from their kingdom.

• The monarchy in Spain wanted to strengthen the economy through trade negotiations.