Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

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Lesson 1

Lesson 2

​Lesson 3

​Review ​

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Multiple Choice

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve a similar set of molecules.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve a similar set of products.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve a similar set of reactants.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve a different set of molecules.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the parts of food molecules as matter moves through an organism?

• The parts of food molecules are rearranged to make new molecules or release energy.

• The parts of food molecules are changed into new molecules.

• The parts of food molecules are changed to release energy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following flows through ecosystems in one direction?

• carbon

• energy

• nitrogen

• water

Multiple Choice

) In what form is energy that is NOT used for life processes released from living things?

• light energy

• sound energy

• thermal energy

• chemical energy

Poll

Why are food webs better representations of how energy moves through an ecosystem than food chains?

• ) Food chains include decomposers, which do not play a role in energy movement through an ecosystem.

• Food chains show how matter moves through an ecosystem, not not energy

• Food webs include how energy enters an ecosystem, and food chains don't.

• Food webs show that animals in an ecosystem can get energy by eating different things.

Multiple Choice

Use the figure to answer the following questions.

Which organism has the most energy available in the food web shown?

• diatoms

• squid

• leopard seal

• orca

Multiple Choice

Use the figure to answer the following questions.

In the food web, what eats the squid?

• diatoms

• squid

• leopard seal

• orca

Multiple Choice

Carbon moves between living and nonliving things in every ecosystem.

Match the terms below to the numbers in the diagram to show how carbon moves among the following living and nonliving parts in an ecosystem: Wolf Rabbit Grass Fung

• 1 – grass, 2 – rabbit, 3 – wolf, 4 – fungi

• 1 – fungi, 2 – rabbit, 3 – wolf, 4 – grass

• 1 – grass, 2 – wolf, 3 – rabbit, 4 – fungi

• 1 – grass, 2 – fungi, 3 – rabbit, 4 – wolf

Poll

complete the diagram

• 1 - producers, 2 - nutrients, 3 - consumers, 4 - decomposers

• 1 - producers, 2 - consumers, 3 - nutrients, 4 - decomposers

• 1 - producers, 2 -decomposers , 3 - consumers, 4 - nutrients

Multiple Choice

Explain how energy flows into and out of the ecosystem.

• Energy comes into the ecosystem by sunlight used by producers. Energy leaves by heat lost at every level of the ecosystem.

• Energy comes into the ecosystem by producers. Energy leaves by heat lost at every level of the ecosystem.

• Energy comes into the ecosystem by sunlight used by consumers. Energy leaves by heat lost at every level of the ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Which describes how the atoms in living things cycle?

• through living parts of ecosystems only

• in one direction from living to nonliving parts of the ecosystem

• in one direction from nonliving to living parts of the ecosystem

• repeatedly back and forth through living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem

Poll

What is the source of the carbon atoms in a plant's cells?

• they were created as the plant grew

• the Sun

• water molecules

• the environment

Multiple Choice

Chloroplasts are the location of photosynthesis.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Sucrose molecules break down during cellular respiration.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Water is a product of cellular respiration.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration is the process in which organisms break down food to release _____.

• energy

• nutrients

• sugar

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

Where does cellular respiration occur?

• Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

• Cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

• Cellular respiration occurs in the chlorophyll of cells.

• Cellular respiration occurs in the green leaves.

Multiple Choice

Which organisms use cellular respiration as a way to convert energy into usable form?

• seedless plants only

• only photosynthetic organisms

• only mammals

• all organisms

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use energy from light to produce _____.

• new cells

• organelles

• food

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis uses all of the following except _____ to make food

• carbon dioxide

• chemical energy

• light energy

• water

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is used by plants for ---------------.

• photosynthesis

• cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

The diagram illustrates plants and two different zones of a deep lake. In the upper part of the photic zone, organisms carry out both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Deep in the aphotic zone, only cellular respiration occurs. Which statement is the most likely reason photosynthesis does not occur in the deepest aphotic zone?

• Sunlight for photosynthesis does not reach the deepest aphotic zone.

• Water pressure limits the survival of animals in the deepest aphotic zone.

• Not enough soil is present to support plant growth in the deepest aphotic zone.

• Not as much dissolved oxygen from the surface reaches the deepest aphotic zone.

Multiple Choice

Consumers produce their own food

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Energy cycles through ecosystems because it returns to the Sun.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Available energy increases as it is transferred from one organism to another in a food chain.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would eat a dead rabbit?

• carnivore

• detritivore

• herbivore

• omnivore

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would eat a hamburger with lettuce on it?

• carnivore

• detritivore

• herbivore

• omnivore

Multiple Choice

Which of the following eats only eucalyptus leaves?

• carnivore

• detritivore

• herbivore

• omnivore

Multiple Choice

Which is most likely the first step in a basic food chain?

• The snake obtains energy by eating the mouse.

• Plants make energy-rich food using sunlight

• The Sun emits energy.

• The hawk obtains energy by eating the snake.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms would NOT be in the first trophic level of an energy pyramid?

• dog

• tree

• grass

• algae

Multiple Choice

Which is a model of feeding relationships?

• protein building

• food map

• food web

• sugar molecules

Multiple Choice

As you move upward, from level to level, in an energy pyramid, available energy __

• decreases

• increases

• stays at the same level

• is destroyed

Multiple Choice

Elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon cycle through a system once

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Nitrogen, as it is found in the atmosphere, can be used by plants and animals.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does NOT move continuously through ecosystems?

• water

• aluminum

• energy

• nitrogen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT part of the water cycle?

• nitrogen fixation

• evaporation

• condensation

• precipitation

Multiple Choice

Which of the following steps in the nitrogen cycle takes place after animals eat plants?

• Decaying waste returns nitrogen to the soil.

• Bacteria on plant roots fix nitrogen to make it usable

• Plants use nitrogen from the soil.

• Lightning changes nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of how bacteria aid in the nitrogen cycle?

• nitrogen fixation

• breaking down the tissue of dead organisms

• changing nitrogen compounds into atmospheric nitrogen

• infecting tissue

Multiple Choice

Phytoplankton are said to release how much of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere?

• between 5% and 10%

• between 15% and 20%

• less than 5%

• more than 50%

Multiple Choice

Which process can release carbon to the air and into the soil?

• photosynthesis

• decomposition

• combustion

• cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a way that carbon is stored in the environment as a fossil fuel?

• water

• oil

• coal

• natural gas

Multiple Choice

which is the best explanation of the change in energy shown in the model?

• New energy is produced by plants during photosynthesis

• Large amounts of energy are released into the environment during photosynthesis

• Energy from sunlight is destroyed as it powers photosynthesis

• Energy input from the environment is stored in food molecules during photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

In recent decades average global temperatures have increased significantly. scientists agree that the widespread destruction of the Amazon rain forest contributes to climate change. which mechanism might be cited to support that hypothesis?

• Deforestation causes water on the ground to reflect sunlight

• Deforestation reduces the number of plants able to absorb carbon dioxide

• photosynthesis produces energy which gives off heat

• plants use up energy during cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

Analyze the food web which statement is correct?

• The model tracks the transfer of energy as energy flows in this ecosystem

• The transfer of matter back into the environment occurs only at the detritivore level

• The model shows the transfer of matter only

• The decomposers in the model use matter but not energy for their life processes

Multiple Choice

in an energy pyramid approximately 10 percent of the energy available in one trophic level is transferred to the next level. which statement helps explain why this occures?

• consumers eat both producers and other consumers

• organisms use most of the available energy to fuel their own life processes

• predators eat more organisms in their own level than organisms in other levels

• producers exist in only the lowest level of the pyramid

Multiple Choice

what is the function of the bacteria shown in the model?

• they prevent the nitrogen from harming the plants

• they remove the nitrogen from the soil

• they remove the oxygen from the soil

• the return the nitrogen to the system

Multiple Choice

which of the following is not true about system that cycle matter?

• living things play a role in the cycling of matter

• matter changes form as it cycles

• some matter is destroyed as it cycles through the environment

• matter is constantly cycling through the environment