Nature of Covalent Bonding

Covalent Substances

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Covalent Substances

Most covalently bonded substances consist of small molecules . A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Molecules of the same element or compound always contain the same number of atoms of each element. The atoms in a molecule are always joined together by a covalent bond.

Lets look at some examples

Of covalent substances.

3 Examples of Covalent Bond

• 1. Water

• 2. Diamonds?

• 3. Vulcanized rubber

1. Water.

An example is water. Water consists of a covalent bond containing hydrogen and oxygen bonding together to make H2O. In this atomic molecule, two hydrogen atoms share their single electrons with the oxygen atom, which shares its own two electrons in return. This is an example of a covalent bond, which is created because of the higher electronegativity of oxygen.

2. Diamonds

A diamond is an example of Giant Covalent bond of carbon. A diamond has a giant molecular structure. Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. Electrons are borrowed from these other carbon atoms. There is a tremendous amount of energy needed to separate the atoms in a diamond. This is because a covalent bond is strong and a diamond contains four covalent bonds. This makes the melting and boiling point if the diamond very high.

3. Vulcanized rubber

Another example is vulcanized rubber. Rubber is sticky when warm and brittle when cold. In 1939, Charles Goodyear accidently dropped a mixture of sulfur and natural rubber on a hot stove. The mixture heated up and became tough and elastic, forming vulcanized rubber. What happened? The covalent bonds transformed sulfur and natural rubber into the vulcanized rubber when it was heated. It changed because the covalent bonds between sulfur and rubber changed.

Did you know there are two types of covalent bonds?

There are two basic types of covalent bonds: polar and nonpolar. In a polar covalent bond, the electrons are unequally shared by the atoms and spend more time close to one atom than the other.

Now time for some interactive stuff!

I know you're bored..

Multiple Choice

a covalent bond structure created by how many atoms?

• 5

• 8

• 3

• 2

2 Atoms!

A covalent bond consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomicnuclei. 

Multiple Select

True or False? Covalent bonds form compounds.

• True

• False

False.

Covalent Bonds only form molecules.

End of the lesson!

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