Ottoman Lesson

​History of Southwest Asia DT 1
Re-Performance Lesson

Words to know.....

​The Ottoman Empire stretched across Europe, Africa, and Southwest Asia. They controlled the area of the Middle East from the 1300’s until end of WW I (1917).

​Partitioning

​Partitioning –the action or state of dividing land into parts

​Artificial Political Boundaries

​Artificial Political Boundaries – a boundary made by humans to divide land into regions, countries and areas

​Vocabulary

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Partitioning –the action or state of dividing land into parts

Artificial Political Boundaries – a boundary made by humans to divide land into regions, countries and areas

Regional Conflict – disagreement between regions or countries that can heighten with time

​Regional Conflict

​Regional Conflict – disagreement between regions or countries that can heighten with time

Multiple Choice

What is partitioning?

• The action or state of dividing land into parts

• The scattering of people from their homeland

• A boundary made by humans to divide land into countries

• A disagreement between regions or countries that can escalate over time

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Leaders of the Ottoman Empire were unable to rule such a large area because they couldn’t control their own territories. They were in need of more advanced technology and innovation in order to maintain control and possibly regain previously lost land.

Ultimately, they decided to join forces with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria) against the Allied Powers (U.S., Great Britain, and France) during World War I, hoping to benefit from the alliance if the Central Powers won the war.

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​Collapse of the Ottoman Empire

​Unfortunately for the Ottoman Empire, they ended up on the losing side of World War I and their empire collapsed.

The collapse of the Ottoman Empire created a lack of central authority in the region. European countries stepped in to establish order in the region.

​Creation of Boundaries

​-When the Ottoman’s were overthrown, the empire was divided into smaller territories.

-PARTITIONED by European countries (Britain & France) who decided boundaries.

-These boundaries divided ethnic groups and religious groups that were living in the region.

​Sykes-Picot Agreement

Multiple Choice

What led to the end of the Ottoman Empire at the close of WWI?

• The Ottoman government was overthrown by a revolt of factory workers who were unemployed when the war ended (the Empire struck back).

• The empire spent too much money on buildings and new roads and went bankrupt.

• The people in the Empire were starving because a long drought had ruined agriculture.

• The Ottomans were on the losing side of the war.

Multiple Choice

Which two countries divided the Middle East (Southwest Asia) into countries after WWI?

• France and Germany

• Britain and France

• Britain and Canada

• Italy and Portugal

​Effects of European Partitioning

​Desiring immediate control of the area and looking to future oil profits, Britain and France established borders that did not exist previously.

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Britain and France created borders that did not take into account local cultures and tribes.

The borders were based on the oil interests of Europe, not the best interests of the people in the Middle East and local cultures were ignored and tribal unities were disrupted.

​Effects of European Partitioning

​-Borders that had been fluid over many centuries were now tightly defined.

-None of the countries wanted Europe in charge of them

-The conflicts created during the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire still cause trouble today

*The stage was now set for big problems in the years ahead.

Multiple Choice

By 1924, the Ottoman Empire no longer existed, and the region was divided among several European countries. What was the effect of the downfall of the Ottoman Empire?

• A lack of oil

• Economic prosperity

• Regional conflict

• A lack of water

Multiple Choice

How did European involvement in Southwest Asia impact the region after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire?

• It created artificial boundaries that led to conflict.

• It brought about peace between the Jews and Palestinian Arabs.

• It created independent nations for all ethnic groups of the Ottoman Empire.

• It created separate nations for all religions of the area.