Parts of a Seed and Germination

What is Germination?

• Germination is the process where a seed grows into a new plant, called a seedling.

• Necessary conditions: water, air, warmth (sunlight).

• Seeds need nutrients from the soil to make food in their leaves.

The Seed

• Seeds begin germination to develop into a new plant.

• Seeds vary in shape, color, and size.

• Parts of a seed: cotyledon, plumule (shoot), radicle (root), hilum (scar), micropyle, and testa (seed coat).

Plant Habitats

• Plants are living things that live in various habitats.

• Land habitats: trees, grass, shrubs, sunflowers.

• Water habitats: water lilies, duckweed, seaweed.

• On other plants: orchids, passion fruit, grapevine.

Plant Life Processes

• Plants breathe, feed, grow, reproduce, give off waste, and move.

• They make their own food through photosynthesis and grow towards sunlight.

Functions of Plant Parts

• Root: Keeps the plant grounded, absorbs water and nutrients.

• Stem: Supports leaves, transports water and nutrients.

• Leaves: Breathe for the plant, make food using sunlight.

• Flower: Produces fruit.

• Fruit: Produces seeds for new plants.

Types of Seeds

• Some seeds have two cotyledons, called dicotyledons.

• Others have one cotyledon, known as monocotyledons.

Unique Plant Lives

• Some plants thrive in damp places or on old wood, like mushrooms and moss.

Understanding Seeds and Germination

• Micropyle: Allows water and air to enter the seed.

• Radicle: Grows into a root.

• Plumule: Develops into a shoot.

• Cotyledon: Provides food for the young plant.

• Testa (Seed Coat): Protects the seed.

Summary

• Plants are incredible living things with complex life processes and diverse habitats.

• From germination to growth, every part of a plant has a unique function that helps it survive and reproduce.