Review Geography

Geography and Timelines Review

The Physical Features of Greece

• The Pindus Mountains

• Peloponnese Mountains

• Mt Olympus

• Seas

• Ionian Sea

• Aegean Sea

• Mediterranean Sea

Multiple Choice

In geographical terms, how can the land of Greece be classified?

• Continent

• Island

• Isthmus

• Peninsula

Open Ended

What effect did the geography of ancient Greece have on its early development?

Greek City-States

The Greeks called their city-states "POLIS"

A Polis is an independent city in Greece, that also governed and was responsible for the territory around it.

A Polis would always have a city at it's center

Two of the most significant Greek Polis are Athens and Sparta

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of a polis?

• a small city-state

• a period of great achievements

• a marketplace where goods were traded

• a high hill on which a fortress was often built

Multiple Choice

The city-state Knossos is located on the island of...

• Crete

• Sicily

• Minova

• Jamaica

Open Ended

Why do you think Persia tried to invade Greece in 490 and 480 BCE?

Timeline of Ancient Greece

• Ranges from 1600 BC- 146 BC

• Greek city-states slowly developed from small mountain communities into large cities

• Each city-state was independent and governed itself, making its own money

• The only reason we call them the "Greeks" is because they all spoke the same language, but the city-states were not united the way that the country of Greece is today.

Early Civilizations of Ancient Greece

• The Minoans - They lived on the island of Crete, and through trade with the Phoenicians, they were able to create a culture that would greatly influence the Greeks in the future

• The Mycenaeans - They lived on the mainland of Greece, where Sparta would eventually develop, they conquered the Minoans and adopted a lot of their culture

• The Dorians - A group of people that dominated the region for a time, they introduced iron-making, iron weapons, and military tactics to the Greeks

Development of Government in Ancient Greece

• Most Greek City-States were governed by "MONARCHS" at their beginning

• Eventually groups of nobles and other upper class individuals gained more power and formed "OLIGARCHIES"

• People grew unhappy with "OLIGARCHIES" and "TYRANTS" would take their place

• Some city-states, like Athens, began forming new forms of government, like "DEMOCRACIES"

War in Ancient Greece

• 490 BC - The Persians invade Greece and are defeated by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon

• 480 BC - The Persians invade again with a larger army, but are eventually defeated after several battles by the united Greek city-states

• After the Persian Wars, Athens forms the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states - this is the Golden Age of Athens

• Sparta and other city-states grow unhappy with Athens and form an alliance called the Peloponnesian League

• This leads to the Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta which last from 431-404 BC

Alexander the Great

• Almost 100 years after the Peloponnesian Wars, Philip of Macedon conquers the Greek city-states using new military tactics and weapons

• His son, Alexander the Great, expands the Empire even further in a short ten years, conquering Persia and almost taking India too

• Alexander begins what is known as the "Hellenistic Period" - called this because of the combination of Greek, Persian, and Egyptian cultures

• Alexander's lasting legacy is the spread of Greek culture and knowledge to other lands, which has had a lasting influence on the development of Western Civilization

The Romans

• In 146 BC, the Romans conquer the Greek city-states

• They adopt a lot of Greek culture, including their religion and architecture

• The Romans enslave well-educated Greeks to use them as teachers in Rome

Multiple Choice

Along with the Mycenaeans, which civilization helped shape Ancient Greek Culture?

• Acropolits

• Hellenists

• Minoans

• Ottomans

Multiple Choice

In what city-state did democracy start in ancient Greece?

• Athens

• Sparta

• Troy

• Delphi

Multiple Choice

Which statement best summarizes the lasting importance of the many achievements of ancient

Greece?

• They strongly shaped Western civilization.

• They helped Greece become a military power.

• They showed the curiosity of the Greek mind.

• They showed their superiority over the Spartans

Multiple Choice

Alexander the Great brought Greek customs to new parts of the world, which caused the spread of what culture?

• Hellenistic

• Roman

• Spartan

• Socratic

Multiple Choice

What term would complete the sequence of the development of government in ancient Greece?

• Anarchy

• Regency

• Society

• Tyranny

Multiple Choice

What event occurred first chronologically?

• The philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death.

• Oligarchies replaced monarchies in Greek city-states.

• The empire of Alexander the Great spreads Greek culture.

• The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and Sparta.