Texas as a Republic

Presidents of the Republic of Texas

Word Cloud

How would you feel about running your own country?

Texas Gains Independence! What's the problem now?

​Texas gains independence in 1836 after the Sam Houston and the Texians win the Battle of San Jacinto. After Santa Anna's defeat and signing the Treaty of Velasco, Texas is now independent! They are faced with 4 major problems:

• Finances/Debt

• Native Americans

• Mexico

• Annexation

Poll

If you were the leader of Texas, which issue would you be focused on the most?

• Finances/Debt

• Native Americans

• Mexico

• Capitol

• Annexation

Dropdown

The​

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was lead by​

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. The Texian won, and Santa Anna had to sign the ​

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in ​

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,

​Presidents of Texas

During the 9 years of the Republic of Texas, there were three 3 presdients:

Sam Houston (1836-1838, 1841-1843)
Mirrabeau Lamar (1838-1841)
Anson Jones (1844-1845)

A presidential term lasted 2 years, but they could not be re-elected twice in a row.

Multiple Choice

What happens to Texas in 1845?

• Texas becomes apart of Mexico

• Texas gets sold to Spain

• Texas becames a part of the U.S. as a state

• Texas decides to stay independent

Leader of the Texas Army during the Texas Revolution

First President of Republic of Texas

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​Sam Houston

Vice President under Sam Houston.

Second President of the Republic of Texas.

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​Mirabeau Lamar

Third and final President of the Republic of Texas

Copy cat of Sam Houston

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​Anson Jones

• Increase spending to build up the nation.

• Redbacks as money, but were worthless.

​Lamar's Approach

• Cut expenses by reducing the army and avoiding conflict with the Native Americans.

​Houston's Approach

The Republic of Texas Owed A Lot of Debt

• ​Removed the Cherokee from Texas.

• Sent Texas Rangers to get revenge for attacks.

​Lamar's Approach

• Signed peace treaties when possible.

• Used the Texas Rangers to protect settlements.

Conflicts with the Native American Groups Continued

Houston's Approach

• ​Built up the Texas Navy

• Tried to take over more Mexican land by annexing Santa Fe.

​Lamar's Approach

• Released Santa Anna from prison to make peace.

The Republic of Texas Needed Recognition and Peace with Mexico

Houston's Approach

• Opposed annexation

• Focused on building up Texas as an independent nation.

​Lamar's Approach

• Supported annexation

• Worked to gain respect for the Republic of Texas.

Many Texans Wanted to be Annexed to the United States (Annex = Join)

Houston's Approach

Categorize

Options (8)

Wanted to cut expenses

Wanted peace with Native Americans

Wanted to have good relations with Mexico

Pro Annexation

Wanted to increase spending

Remove Native Americans for Texas

Take more of Mexico's land

Anti Annexation

Put the right approach with the President

Sam Houston

Mirabeau Lamar

Major Events of the ROT

4 Major events that happened
1. The Cordova Rebellion
2. The Council House Fight
3. The Santa Fe Expedition
4. The Mier Expedition

• The rebellion was defeated.

• President Lamar ordered the Cherokee out of Texas for their role.

​Effects

• Many Tejanos had stayed loyal to Mexico

• More Americans were moving into Nacogodoches

​Causes

The Cordova Rebellion (August 1, 1838):
Vicente Cordova organized Tejanos and Native Americans to fight the Anglo American groups.

• The Comanche tried to leave anyway so the Texas Rangers attacked.

• Many died.

​Effects

• Comanche leaders agreed to meet and give back ALL of their Anglo captives, but only brought one.

​Causes

The Council House Fight (March 19, 1840):
Texas Rangers held the Comanche leaders hostage in the meeting house in San Antonio.

Multiple Choice

What was the cause of the Cordova Rebellion?

• Canadians were coming into Texas too soon

• The Spanish were trying to recapture Texas

• Tejanos living in Texas were still loyal to Mexico

• Tejanos wanted to push Native Americans out of Texas

Multiple Choice

Which Native American group was apart of the Council House Fight?

• Apache
• Iroquois
• Comanche
• Cherokee

• The Texans were captured and imprisoned by Mexican troops.

• This event hurt Texas' relationship with Mexico.

​Effects

• President Lamar wanted to expand the size of Texas.

​Causes

The Santa Fe Expedition (June 19, 1841):
President Lamar sent Jose Antonio Navarro with an army to Santa Fe (Mexico)in order to annex the city.

• The Texan soldiers were defeated and marched back to Mexico City.

• 1 out of 10 were executed.

​Effects

• Mexico invaded Texas because of The Santa Fe Expedition.

• San Antonio was captured two times in 1842.

​Causes

The Mier Expedition (Nov. 1842-Feb. 1843):
President Houston sent soldiers to secure South Texas, but the group invaded Mexico at Mier instead.

Hotspot

Where did President Houston send troops to secure Texas from Mexico during the Mier Expedition?

Multiple Choice

Why would President Lamar want to take Santa Fe?

• Strategic location for trade and expansion
• To establish a military base
• To gain control of valuable natural resources
• To establish a new capital city

Match

Match the event to the description.

• Council House Fight

• The Mier Expedition

• Cordova Rebellion

• The Santa Fe Expedition

Treaty negotiations between the Republic of Texas and the Comanche

An unsuccessful military operation launched by the Republic of Texas against Mexico

A Tejano uprising aganist Anglo settlers

A failed military and trading expedition by the Republic of Texas to secure the Texan Santa Fe Trail

• Treaty negotiations between the Republic of Texas and the Comanche

• An unsuccessful military operation launched by the Republic of Texas against Mexico

• A Tejano uprising aganist Anglo settlers

• A failed military and trading expedition by the Republic of Texas to secure the Texan Santa Fe Trail

• Give two reasons why

• Remember: Houston and Lamar are complete opposites in their policies!
  
  

​Who are you NOT voting for?

Give 2 reasons why? (Look at the front of your notes)

• Debt

• Native Americans

• Mexico

• Annexation (Join)

Pick who you are voting for: Sam Houston or Mirabeau Lamar

Do Now: Create a Campaign Poster

Important People of the ROT

• President of Texas from 1844-1845.

• Continued the policies of President Houston until Texas was annexed by the United States.

​Anson Jones

• Member of the Texas Rangers.

• Led a group to fight the Mexican army after they had invaded San Antonio.

Jack Coffee Hayes

• ​Leader of the Cherokee.

• Signed a treaty with Sam Houston.

• Was killed when President Lamar forced the Cherokee out of Texas.

​Chief Bowles

• A free African American businessman.

• Spoke English, Spanish, and Cherokee.

• Helped Texas negoiate with the Cherokee.

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William Goyens

Match

Match the people with their description

• Jack Coffee Hayes

• Anson Jones

• Chief Bowles

• William Goyens

Texas Ranger who fought in San Antonio

President of the Republic of Texas

Cherokee leader who fought against the Republic of Texas

Free black man who became a successful businessman and landowner in Texas

• Texas Ranger who fought in San Antonio

• President of the Republic of Texas

• Cherokee leader who fought against the Republic of Texas

• Free black man who became a successful businessman and landowner in Texas

• Lived on a ranch near San Antonio.

• Wrote personal daries about Life in the Republic of Texas.

Mary Maverick

• Served as a voice for Tejanos in the TX Congress.

• Sent by President Lamar on the Santa Fe Expedition.

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​Jose Antonio Navarro

• Brought to Texas from Southern U.S.

• Provided labor that built up the agricultural economy in Texas.

• Were denied most basic rights.

• Population grew from 5,000 to 30,000 in only 9 years.

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​Enslaved Texans

• Built up by President Lamar.

• Used to help rebel groups in Mexico.

• Comibined with U.S. Navy after annexation.

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​Texas Navy

Match

Match the people/group with their description.

• Mary Maverick

• Enslaved Texans

• The Texas Navy

• Jose Antonio Navarro

Wrote about life in the Republic of TX

Built up the agricultural economy for TX

Built up by President Lamar

Leader of the Santa Fe Expedition

• Wrote about life in the Republic of TX

• Built up the agricultural economy for TX

• Built up by President Lamar

• Leader of the Santa Fe Expedition

Early Texas Statehood

The Annexation of Texas resulted in another chain of events. These next events would be significant effect on all of North America.

Annexation of Texas
The U.S. officially annexed Texas in 1845.

​Border Dispute with Mexico

• Mexico believed the new U.S. -Mexico border was the Nueces River.

• The U.S. believed that the new border was the Rio Grande.
  

Dropdown

Annex = ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

What river did Mexico think was the official U.S.- Mexico border

• Nueces River

• Colorado River
• Rio Grande

• Amazon River

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
War broke out a Brownsville, near the Rio Grande
The U.S. won the war after about 2 years of fighting.

​Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• A peace agreement that ended the war.

• Resulted in the Mexican Cession ("cede" means to give up).

The American idea that we should have all the land from coast to coast.

In other words...Westward Expansion.

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​Manifest Destiny

Multiple Choice

How long the Mexican-American War last?

• 10 years
• 2 years
• 5 years
• 1 year

Multiple Choice

What treaty ended the Mexican-American War?

• Treaty of San Juan de Ulúa
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Multiple Choice

What is the land the United States acquired from Mexico called?

• Mexican Cession
• Mexican Annexation
• Louisiana Purchase

• Adam-Onis Treaty

• An agreement which adjusted the border between Texas and New Mexico and allowed slavery to spread in the U.S.

Compromise of 1850

• American leaders disagreed over whether slavery should be allowed in land gained by the Mexican Cession.

​Arguments Over Slavery

Topic of Slavery in New Land

Multiple Choice

What compromise allowed the spread of slavery into the Mexican Cession?

• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Cromprome of 1850

• Missouri Compromise
• Dred Scott Decision

• ​California is a Free State

• Texas loses land, but gets $10 Million.

• Territories of New Mexico and Utah are made.

• Slavery is allowed in new territories.

Compromise of 1850 by Henry Clay