The Rise of Islamic Civilization

Islamic Civilization

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDxKxnVZtgo

Arab Life

• Beginning in 630 CE, the Arabian people created a New Empire and the driving force behind this Empire was the religion of ISLAM.

The Land of Arabia

• In ancient time the land of Arabia was surrounded by many different empires.

• Egyptian Empire to the West, Mesopotamian and Persian Empire to the North and East.

• Further North were the Israelites Romans, and Greeks.

• The deserted like climate kept these civilizations from invading Islamic Empires.

Multiple Choice

When was the year Islamic Empires began to form?

• 630 CE

• 730 CE

• 630 BCE

• 100 CE

Multiple Choice

What were the Empires surrounding the Islamic Empires?

• Romans

• Greek

• Egyptian

• All of the Above

Multiple Choice

What location are Islamic Empires found?

• Arabian Peninsula

• Europe

• North Asia

• Americas

Trade and New Ideas

• Trade increased throughout the Arabian and other civilizations.

• People began to be exposed to new ideas

• Influencing the rise of Islam

Who Was Muhammad?

• Islam grew from the preaching of a Man named Muhammad.

• Muhammad was born in 570ce in Mecca of a merchant family.

• Orphaned at the age of 5 or 6

• Muhammad was troubled by greed, neglect of poor, dishonesty, and disregard of family life.

Muhammad Continued

• Tradition says in 610ce a voice in appeared to Muhammad telling him to preach Islam.

• ISLAM- Means submitting to Allah (GOD)

• Muhammad begins to preach in Mecca.

• Preached that people were equal in GODs eyes and people should share their wealth and people value good deeds.

Multiple Choice

What was Muhammad troubled by when he was growing up?

• Neglect of the poor

• Disregard of family life

• Dishonesty

• Greed

• All of the Above

Multiple Choice

Where was Muhammad Born?

• Mecca

• Jerusalem

• The Persian Empire

• The Ottoman Empire

Multiple Choice

What helped the spread of Islam?

• Trade

• Sharing of New Ideas

• Muhammad

• All of the Above

Muhammad's Opponents

• Most wealthy merchants and leaders thought Muhammad was challenging their authority.

• Muhammad and his followers thought Mecca became too dangerous and moved to Yathrib.

• The move to Yathrib became known as the "Hijrah"

The Quran

• According to Muslim beliefs Muhammad received messages from GOD for 20 years.

• Quran- The Holy Book of Islam

• Muslims believe it is the written word of GOD.

• Teaches Muslims how to live a good life and treat others fairly.

Expanding the Empire

• When Muhammad Died he left no instructions about who would be the next leader of Islam.

• A new leader was chosen called the caliph-- New Islamic leader.

• The first four caliphs were cousins or relatives of Muhammad.

• Goal was to spread and protect Islam.

Multiple Choice

What is a Caliph?

• Leader of Islam (Successor)

• Prophet

• A Christian Profit

• non of the above

Multiple Choice

The first 4 Caliphs were.....?

• The cousins of Muhammad

• The Uncles of Muhammad

• Were all brothers to Muhammad

• Had no relation to Muhammad

Umayyad Empire

• Expansion continued under the Umayyad Caliphs.

• They governed the Arab City of Damascus

• Under the Umayyads, Muslim rule expanded farther into Asia and Africa.

Multiple Choice

What occurred under the Umayyad Dynasty?

• Expansion

• They ruled from 661 to 750.

• They believed they had a religious duty to Islam

• All of the Above

Islamic Spain

• Muslim Warriors entered Spain from North Africa in the early 700's.

• They brought religion, customs, and tradition's.

• Spain is home to many Islam's greatest thinkers.

• Ibn Rushd- Practiced medicine and law.

• Muslims in Spain were tolerant of other religions and cultures such as Jews and Christians.

Division and Growth

• As Muslim empires were growing, rival groups within Islam argued about who had to succeed Muhammad as caliph.

• Muslims divided into 2 groups

• Sunni- Umayyad Dynasty was rightful Heirs.

• Shia- Muhammad son in law Ali was rightful heir

3 Muslim Empires (Ottoman Empire)

• The Ottomans- Began in 1200

• Conquered much of the Byzantine Empire under Mehmet II

• Most Famous leader was Sultan Suleiman- Organized Ottoman Laws and built schools and mosques

• Empire crumbles after WW1

Open Ended

What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

The Safavids

• In 1501 Shia Leader, Ismail, proclaimed himself Shah or King of Persia ruling until the 1700's

• Persia spread as a language of culture and trade.

• Urdu is a language based on Persian.

Indias Mogul Empire

• 1500's the Moguls set up Muslim empire in India.

• Under Akbar the mogul empire prospered.

• He allowed people to practice their religion.

• However, he did end up persecuting Hindus and Sikhs.

Open Ended

If you lived during this time, Which of the 3 empires would you prefer to live in, Why?

Daily Life and Trade

• Muslim Trade Flourished for several reasons .

• Muslims spread the religion of Islam and language of Arabic through trade.

• Arabic became the language of business and trade.

• Coin was created to buy and sell goods instead of using the barter system.

Muslim Cities and Farms

• Increased trade led to growth of cities throughout the Islamic world.

• Makkah, Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, and Cordoba were major trade and port cities.

• Main Buildings were Mosques and Bazaars (malls).

Science and Mathematics

• Muslim Astronomers studied the sky. This helped them create mathematical models of the universe.

• They found that the moon influenced the oceans tides and created stars skies.

• By using the astrolabe, Muslim astronomers proved the earth was round.

• Persian scholar Al-Khawarizmi invented algebra and Arabic numerals.

Medicine

• Arab doctors discovered that blood travels to and from the heart.

• Al- Razi discovered the difference between small pox and measles.

• Created the first medical schools and pharmacies.

• Ibn Rushd practiced law and medicine in Cordoba.

Literature

• Muslims wrote non-religious literature.

• The Thousand and One Nights and Aladdin.