Tools in Biotech

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between hybridization and inbreeding?

• Inbreeding increases genetic variation and hybridization decreases genetic variation.

• Inbreeding decreases genetic  variation and hybridization increases genetic variation.

• Inbreeding decreases genetic  variation and hybridization increases genetic variation.

• Inbreeding produces offspring with traits different from parents and hybridization produces offspring with traits similar to parents.

Multiple Choice

What was accomplished in the Human Genome Project?

• New genes for humans were created that have better functions.

• All genes in humans were found, because they had bad functions.

• All genes in humans were damaged, because they had bad functions.

• All genes in humans were found and now their functions are being discovered.

• Draw the dotted red line exactly like it is pictured. This is where the restriction enzyme would cut the DNA.

• Draw the arrows and the 2 DNA fragments that are separated from the cut.

• The single stranded parts are

  called sticky ends. This allows

  DNA fragments to stick to each

  other.

​

​Find this DNA sequence on your note sheet. -->

​sticky end

Multiple Choice

What are restriction enzymes used for?

• To stick DNA together

• To cut DNA apart

• to breakdown hydrogen peroxide

• to replicate DNA

Multiple Choice

What are sticky ends?

• Single stranded sections of DNA that can stick to double stranded sections of DNA

• Double stranded sections of RNA that can stick to other single stranded DNA

• Single stranded sections of DNA that can stick to other single stranded sections of DNA

• Double stranded sections of DNA that can stick to other double stranded sections of DNA

​, EXCEPT
identical twins

Multiple Choice

Whose blood is it?

• Bob

• Sue

• John

• Lisa

• Evaluate Relatedness and Evolutionary Relationships

Multiple Choice

Who committed the crime?

(Should be an exact match, because each person has their OWN DNA fingerprint.)

• Suspect 1

• Suspect 2

• Suspect 3

• None of the suspects

​Determining Paternity

​Each parent gives 50% of the child's DNA.

​Each of the child's DNA fragments MUST match at least ONE of the parents.
Which set of parents does the soldier belong to?

Multiple Choice

Which set of parents does the soldier belong to?

(Each of the soldier's fragments MUST match at least ONE of the parent's fragments.)

• Parents A and B

• Parents C and D

• Parents E and F

• Parents G and H

​Organisms that are more closely related have more DNA fragments in common.

DNA was taken from tortoises on 4 different islands in the same region. Which two tortoises are most closely related?

​Evaluating Relatedness and Evolutionary Relationships

Multiple Choice

Tortoises from which 2 islands are most closely related?

(The more closely related, the more DNA fragments the organisms have in common.)

• Islands 1 and 3

• Islands 2 and 4

• Islands 1 and 4

• Islands 1 and 2

Multiple Choice

Which suspect's DNA was found at the crime scene?

• Suspect 1

• Suspect 2

• Suspect 3

• None of the suspects

Multiple Choice

Who committed the crime, based on the DNA fingerprint?

• Bugsy

• Dino

• Daisy

• Tootsie

Multiple Choice

Which male is the father of the child?

• Male 1

• Male 2

• Neither of the males

Multiple Choice

Which male is the father of the child?

• Dad 1

• Dad 2

• Dad 3

• None of the males

Match

Match the following

• Charge of DNA

• Charge at bottom of gel

• Fragment size that moves the fastest

• Fragment size that moves the slowest

Negative

Positive

Short

Long

• Negative

• Positive

• Short

• Long

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a use for gel electrophoresis?

• Solving crimes

• Determining Paternity (parents)

• Changing organism's DNA

• Determining how closely related organisms are

Multiple Choice

How could you determine if someone committed a crime?

• If their DNA fragments matched half of the fragments found at the crime scene.

• IF their DNA fragments matched all of the fragments found at the crime scene.

• If their DNA did not match any of the fragments found at the crime scene

• If their DNA matched some of the fragments found at the crime scene.

Multiple Choice

There are only 4 different blood types, and you are trying to prove someone was related to you, would blood testing or a DNA fingerprint be a more accurate and reliable test?

• Blood testing

• DNA fingerprinting

• Neither are accurate or relaible

• They are equally accurate and reliable

Transformation

Creating Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Multiple Choice

What does it mean for an organism to be genetically modified?

• Its genes are the same as when it was born

• Its genes have been changed in some way.

• Its genes are made out of protein, not DNA

• Its genes make DNA from proteins.

Reorder

Transformation requires changing the DNA of an organism, by adding genes from another organism. If your goal was to change the DNA of a bacteria, by adding a gene from an animal cell, place the pictures in order of how you think a scientist would change the DNA of the bacteria.

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Match

Match the following

• Genes are found in

• Genes are the instructions to make

• DNA --> mRNA

• mRNA --> protein

• Organelle used to make proteins

DNA

proteins

Transcription

Translation

Ribosome

• DNA

• proteins

• Transcription

• Translation

• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

The purpose of adding genes to an organism, is to allow the organism to make a new ____________.

• DNA

• protein

• carbohydrate

• species

Categorize

Options (10)

Amino acids

mRNA

DNA

tRNA

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Carbohydrate

Starch

DNA Replication

Chloroplast

What of the following are needed for protein synthesis?

Needed

Not Needed

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 steps of bacterial transformation, in order?

• Extract DNA, Make Recombinant DNA, Cut DNA, Bacterial Transformation

• Cut DNA, Make Recombinant DNA, Extract DNA, Bacterial Transformation

• Bacterial Transformation, Extract DNA, Make Recombinant DNA, Cut DNA

• Extract DNA, Cut DNA, Make Recombinant DNA, Bacterial Transformation

​Organism

​(GMOs)

SKIP the section that says Research a GMO, with questions 1 and 2.

Pick up at 3. Gene Therapy

Multiple Choice

How is gene therapy similar to transformation?

• Both add bad, defective genes to organisms

• Both cut DNA and leave sticky ends loose

• Both add or change a gene in an organism

• Both remove genes from an organism

Multiple Choice

What are stem cells?

• Cells that do not have a specific job and cannot turn into any type of cell.

• Cells that have a specific job, but can be turned into any type of cell.

• Cells that do not yet have a specific job and can be turned into any type of cell.

• Cells that have a specific job in the body.

Multiple Choice

The process stem cells undergo to become cells with specialized functions is called ______________.

• DNA Replication

• Cellular Respiration

• Cell Differentiation

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Nerve and muscle cells differentiate from stem cells in the same body and get different functions, because

• They have different active genes in the cell.

• They have a different number of chromosomes in the cell.

• They have a different number of ribosomes in the cell.

• They have different DNA in the cell