US Courts

The Judicial Branch

According to Article III of The Constitution, The Judicial Branch is the major part of the government that oversees the interpretation and enforcement of laws in the many federal courts they have, including the Supreme Court.

Federal courts of the Judicial Branch can start a trial for a person who has been accused of crimes, according to Article III of the Constitution. Cases can be brought to court as well, as long as the party who desires to start it shows that they have been harmed of their rights.

What is the Judicial Branch?

Federal judges of the courts (Including the Supreme Court) cannot be removed at any time; They shall serve until death. The only way for them to be impeached is through the House of Representatives and Senate conviction.

​The Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S, being the only federal judiciary required for the Constitution. Congress sets the number of justices in the court, and the justices serve until they either resign, die, or become impeached by Congress.

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The Supreme Court

Congress can set the amount of Supreme Court Justices for the Court, and since 1869 there has been 9 Justices. These Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, holding office under life tenure. Justices are also insulated from political pressure during case decisions.

Any authority cannot appeal the Court's decisions, mainly because it's the final judicial arbiter on the matters of federal law in the U.S. The appeals of higher state courts or federal appellate courts, however, can be considered by the Court.

The Supreme Court does not hold trials for the accused. Instead, they manage the law of the land. They interpret the law's meanings, choose if a law should be relevant to certain facts, and decide how a law should be applied to the world.

If a party desires to appeal to the Supreme Court, they must petition for a granting of cert in order for the court to hear the case. If four out of the nine Justices agree, then the party shall appeal to court. Fewer than 150 of the requests only get accepted by Court, however.

Fact:

The Constitution's Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments protect the accused by:

• Guaranteeing no deprivation of life, liberty or property

• Protection of being tried for the same crime twice

• The right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury
  

A grand jury then decides if an indictment should be delivered. If it is decided it should be deliver, the criminal shall be charged by a jury. The accused then may enter a plea.

The proceeding of a criminal legal procedure begins with the arrest of a person accused of wrongdoing by a law enforcement officer. ------->

​How it starts:

The Judicial Process

If a person is accused of a crime, they have a right to attend a fair and speedy trial in court, with a jury of their peers and a judge.

Before the trial, the defendant may analyze all evidence of the case to create a legal argument for court. During the trial, if the evidence is proof of the defendant's innocence, then the charges against them shall be dropped. If the defendant is guilty, however, they shall either be punished by prison, or by being fined money.

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Civil cases in court are different than criminal ones, however. Those cases are about disputes between certain people and organizations or companies. If a party feels as if it has been wronged by any complex living beings, they can file a lawsuit in court to sue them. The orders for the case, in order to fix whoever is being sued, include a cease and desist, an alteration of their behavior, or being sent monetary damages. Once the suit is filed and the evidence has been obtained, the trial shall begin like it was a criminal case.

Laws that Congress passed can be deemed unconstitutional by the Judicial Branch.

Legislative Branch (Congress)

​Actions made by the President can be declared unconstitutional by the Judicial Branch.

​Executive Branch (President)

​Checking on other branches

Images from www.history.com

QUESTIONS
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Dropdown

Federal Courts of the Judicial Branch can

Select answer

Multiple Choice

Federal Court Judges cannot leave at any time.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Supreme Court is not the only federal judiciary required for the Constitution.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Supreme Court Justices serve in Court until they:

(3 Correct Answers)

• Die

• Decide to flush themselves down the toilet

• Resign

• Become impeached by Congress

Drag and Drop

Unlike criminal cases in court, when someone is accused of a crime, civil cases in court occur when:

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

The world runs out of soda

The cookies are found missing from the jar.

Someone's grandpa can't find his glasses.

Someone files a lawsuit for a person or business

Reorder

Reorder the following: The Judicial Process

• Accused person gets arrested

• Jury decides if indictment should be delivered

• Accused enters a plea

• Defendant reviews evidence to prove innocence of client

• Person accused of crime is declared guilty or not guilty by jury

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Dropdown

The Judicial Branch checks on the Legislative and Executive Branch by

Select answer

You now have knowledge of the Judicial Branch

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