Earth Science SOL Review Sheet # 1 Scientific Investigations

Earth Science SOL Review #1 Scientific Investigations

Essential Knowledge and Skills

• Measure mass and volume of materials in the lab.
• Calculate density.
• Interpret data from a graph or table that shows change in mass, density, or temperature over time.
• Interpret data from a graph or table that shows change in temperature or pressure with depth.
• Construct a graph, table, chart, and/or diagram from data.
• Interpret graphs and diagrams.
• Use scientific methodology to design and test a hypothesis.
• Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories and scientific laws. For example, students should be able to compare/contrast the Law of Superposition and the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
• Make predictions using scientific data and data analysis.
• Use data to support or reject a hypothesis.
• Explain how the scientific method is used to validate scientific theories.

Match

Match the following words with their definitions

• Conclusion

• Constants

• Control Group

• Independent Variable

• Dependent Variable

answer to a question based on experiment

Values that do not change during an experiment

Standard for comparison

The variable that is manipulated in an experiment

The variable that is measured in an experiment

• answer to a question based on experiment

• Values that do not change during an experiment

• Standard for comparison

• The variable that is manipulated in an experiment

• The variable that is measured in an experiment

Match

Match the following word with its definition

• Data

• Density

• Experiment

• Hypothesis

• Mass

Information collected for analysis

Mass per unit volume

A test conducted to validate a theory

An educated guess to be tested

The amount of matter in an object

• Information collected for analysis

• Mass per unit volume

• A test conducted to validate a theory

• An educated guess to be tested

• The amount of matter in an object

Match

Match the following words with their definition

• Law

• Results

• Volume

• Theory

a scientific rule that describes the behavior of natural phenomenon

Outcomes or conclusions derived from data or experiments

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies

tested explanation of observable facts

• a scientific rule that describes the behavior of natural phenomenon

• Outcomes or conclusions derived from data or experiments

• The amount of space that a substance or object occupies

• tested explanation of observable facts

Multiple Choice

Which would be the BEST tools to measure the density of a small piece of copper ore?

• A barometer and a balance

• A balance and a graduated cylinder.
• A density probe and a 250 ml beaker

• A metric ruler and a metal detector

Multiple Choice

The graph shows the relationship between mass and volume for three samples, A, B, and C, of a given material. What is the density of this material?

• 10 g/cm³
• 20 g/cm³
• 15 g/cm³
• 5 g/cm³

Multiple Choice

Students plan to use several rain gauges to compare average monthly rainfall on Virginia’s Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions. Which of these is the independent variable?

• Height of rain gauges

• Size of the rain gauge

• Location of the rain gauge

• Brand of rain gauges

Multiple Choice

A student claims that the full Moon occurs about once a month. What process will verify the student’s claim?

• Observing

• Hypothesizing

• Theorizing

• Predicting

Multiple Choice

Between which depths should the bedrock be mined in order to obtain rock with the highest percentage of copper?

• 330-360 ft

• 230 ft to 260 ft

• 100 ft to 130 ft

• 650-680 ft

Multiple Choice

A student wanted to determine if building a wall would help stop beach erosion. He built one wall perpendicular from the beach, another parallel and a third in an outward bending arc. He then observed and collected data. In this experiment, what should be the “control”?

• The parallel wall

• The perpendicular wall

• A section of the beach without any wall.
• the curved arc-shaped wall

Multiple Choice

How much water is being measured in this graduated cylinder?

• 1.5 mL

• 2.5 mL

• 15 mL

• 1.6 mL

Multiple Choice

A graduated cylinder is used to find–

• The volume of liquids.
• The temperature of liquids.
• The length of objects.

• The mass of solids.

Multiple Choice

Which part of an experiment is the statement shown here?

“If the bridge is constructed using oak boards instead of pine, then it will be able to support more weight.”

• problem

• procedure

• hypothesis

• result

Multiple Choice

The graph illustrates the data from an experiment. Does the data shown in this graph support or reject the statement shown in question 9?

• Rejects the statement
• Supports the statement
• It neither supports nor rejects the statement